Introduction & Gross anatomy and Histology of the Urinary System Flashcards
what are the contents of the urinary system?
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
why is the urinary system important?
Removes metabolic waste from blood by filtration and excretion
Regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure (by renin angiotensin mechanism)
Help to stabilize the PH
Reabsorption of small molecules (amino acids. Glucose, and peptides)
Produces erythropoietin (a stimulant of RBC production by bone marrow)
where are the kidneys situated?
The kidneys lie in a retroperitoneal position, at the level of T12-L3.
Right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney.
are the kidneys peritonised?
They are only partially peritonised
where are the constrictions of the ureter?
first constriction- ureter passes over inferior renal pole
possible constriction where ureter passes behind testicular or ovarian vessels
second contriction- ureter crosses over external iliac vessels
third constriction- ureter traverses the bladder wall
where do the ureter veins drain into?
renal and ovarian/testicular veins
what is the renal artery a branch of?
abdominal aorta
what are the interlobar arteries?
vessels of the renal circulation which supply the renal lobes
where do the renal veins drain into?
drains into the inferior vena cava.
what do the renal plexus supply?
sympathetic: T10-L1, Sensory afferent:T11-L2
which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition
parasympathetic nerve
which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?
sympathetic nerve
which is the narrowest part of the urethra in male?
membranous
transpyloric plane passes through which vertebral level?
L1
what does the uriniferous tubule contain?
nephron and collecting duct
what is a nephron?
Renal corpuscles + renal tubules
what are the renal corpuscles?
Glomerulus + bowmen’s capsule
what is the function of the nephron?
Purified blood going back via renal veins.
what is the histology of the cortex of the kidney?
Renal corpuscles
Proximal convoluted tubules (cuboidal+ microvilli)
Distal convoluted tubules (cuboidal)
Collecting tubule
(cuboidal)what is the histology of the medulla of kidney?
Proximal convoluted tubules
Distal convoluted tubules
Loop of Henle (thin segment=squamous epithelium)
Collecting tubule
what is the histology of ureter?
Transitional epithelium
Star shaped lumen
Inner longitudinal smooth muscle (SM)
Outer circular SM
what is the histology of the bladder?
Transitional epithelium Inner longitudinal (IL) smooth muscle (SM) Middle circular(MC) SM Outer longitudinal (OL) SM
