introduction & fundamentals of TS Flashcards
What is Textile?
A woven fabric that is:
a. a staple fibre or filament suitable for conversion to or use as yarns, or for the preparation of woven, knit and non woven fabrics.
b. a yarn made from natural or manufactured fibre(s).
c. fabric and other manufactured product(s).
What is a textile material?
A textile material is a general term used for fibers, yarn intermediaries, yarn, fabrics & products made from fabrics that retain more or less completely the strength, flexibility & other typical properties of the original fiber or filament(s).
Define Yarn.
A generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric.
What are the three types Yarn occurs in?
- SPUN YARN - A number of fibers twisted together.
- ZERO-TWIST YARN - a number of filaments laid together without twist.
- A number of filaments laid together with a degree of twist.
Define a Staple Fiber.
A non-continuous fiber of relatively short length.
Staple Fibers must be twisted together to form a long, continuous yarn. They are usually natural fibers:
- cotton
- wool
- flax
What is the length of short Staple Fiber?
Maximum length of 60 mm.
What is the length of Long Staple Fibre?
Length of more than 60 mm.
Define Filament Fibres.
They are long, continuous fibers. Are usually synthetic. Silk, however, is a natural filament fibre.
Define a textile fibre.
A material mainly made from natural or synthetic sources. This material is used to manufacture yarns and fabrics, such as, woven, knitted and non-woven.
Classify textile fibers.
Natural and man-made.
Natural (Plant Fibers)
- Seed Fibers:
a. cotton
b. kapok - Fruit Fibers:
a. coir
b. areca - Stem/Bast Fibre
a. linen
b. ramie
c. hemp
d. jute
e. banana - Leaf Fibre
a. pina
b. sisal
Natural (Animal Fibers)
- Wool
a. wool - Secretion Fibre
a. silk (mulberry, tussah, eri, muga)
b. spider silk - Hair Fiber
a. goat
b. camel
c. rabbit
d. yak
Natural (Mineral Fibers)
Asbestos
Man Made (Regenerated Fibers)
- Cellulosic Fibers
a. Rayon ( cotton linters, wood pulp, acetate, cuprammonium, cotton linters & paper) - Protein Fibers
a. curd (caesin)
b. milk
c. soya
d. rubber - Mineral Fibers
a. carbon
b. ceramic
c. glass
d. metal (gold, silver, copper, steel) - Synthetic Fibers
Man Made (Regenerated Fibers)
- Cellulosic Fibers
a. Rayon ( cotton linters, wood pulp, acetate, cuprammonium, cotton linters & paper) - Protein Fibers
a. curd (caesin)
b. milk
c. soya
d. rubber - Mineral Fibers
a. carbon
b. ceramic
c. glass
d. metal (gold, silver, copper, steel) - Synthetic Fibers
