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Electrotherapy > Introduction: Electrotherapy > Flashcards

Introduction: Electrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

may be defined as that which occupies
space & comprises a great number of different
materials.

A

matter

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2
Q

the smallest particle of an element that
can take part in a chemical reaction

A

Atom

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3
Q

particle c very small mass, < 10-13
cm diameter; (+) electric charge

A

Proton

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4
Q

same mass as proton; no charg

A

Neutron

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5
Q

1/1850 of proton; (-) charge

A

Electron

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6
Q

the smallest particle of any
substance, element or compound that can
exist alone

A

Molecule

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7
Q

a basic substance which cannot
be split into simpler substances (ex. Na, Cl)

A

Elements

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8
Q

a substance formed by the
union of 2 or more elements (ex. NaCl)

A

Compound

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9
Q

a contact for the induction or
detection of electric activity

A

ELECTRODE

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10
Q

medium for conducting an electric current
from the body to physiologic monitoring;

A

ELECTRODE

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11
Q

plate that receives excess
electrons from the negative pole of the
source of current

A

Cathode

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12
Q

plate that develops a deficiency of
electrons being connected to positive pole

A

Anode

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13
Q

process in which electric
energy causes a chemical change in a
conducting medium; usually a solution or a
molten substance; means breaking down by
electricity

A

ELECTROLYSIS

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14
Q

an atom or group of atoms bearing a
(-) or (+) electric charge

A

IONS

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15
Q

a positively charge ion that in
solution is attracted to (-) electrode
(cathode)

A

Cations

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16
Q

a negatively charged ion that is
attracted to (+) electrode (anode) in
electrolysis.

A

Anion

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17
Q

a substance which
contains ions; an element or compound
that when melted or dissolved in water or
other solvent, dissociates into ions & is
able to conduct an electric current

A

ELECTROLYTES

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18
Q

a non-conducting substance
that offers a barrier to the passage of heat
or electricity

A

INSULATORS

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19
Q

any substance through
which electrons flow easily; materials
which readily permit the movement of
electrons

A

CONDUCTORS

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20
Q

EMF

A

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE

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20
Q

produced by chemical action in
a cell; the cell consists of 2 dissimilar
metals immersed in an electrolyte & the
principle underlying its action is the
behavior of a metal immersed in a
solution (electrolysis)

A

EMF

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20
Q

DIFFERENT METHODS OF
PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY

A
  1. Charging by friction
  2. Chemical action- in cells
  3. Electromagnetic Induction- in dynamo
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20
Q

simplest way of producing a static electric
charge is by friction between two dissimilar
materials

A

Charging by friction

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20
Q

in dynamo

A

Electromagnetic Induction

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20
Q

used for the production of an EMF
by electromagnetic induction; a collecting
device used to convey the current from the
moving coil of wire to the external circuit;

A

Dynamo

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21
Q

it is used for all
large scale production of electricity,
including for the main supply

A

Dynamo

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22
Q

EMI

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

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23
Q

The production of an EMF in a conductor
by interaction bet. The conductor and
magnetic lines of force

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

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24
Q

PRODUCTION OF EMF IN EMI

A
  • Essentials for EMI are
  • Conductor
  • Magnetic lines of force
  • Movement of one of these relative to the
    others
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25
Q

is the production of electrical properties
in one object, which must be a conductor of
electricity by the magnetic lines of force
surrounding another object; the two object do not come in contact with each other, but it is
necessary for to move relative to the other as
it only when magnetic lines of force cut across
the conduction or vice versa that the EMF is
produced

A

EMI

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26
Q

connected to
milliameter Bar Magnet (provides the
magnetic lines of force

A
  • Coil of wire (conductor)
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27
Q

thermocouple

A

HEAT

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28
Q
  • in a photoelectric celL
  • the energy emitted by electromagnetic
    radiation such as radio waves, visible lights, Xrays and gamma rays
A

RADIANT ENERGY

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29
Q

flows of electrons
constitutes an electric current which passes
from negative to positive; In the past it is
usual to trace currents from positive to
negative

A

ELECTRON THEORY

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30
Q

this theory postulated
that electricity was an invisible &
weightless fluid, present on all objects but
capable of being disturbed

A

ONE FLUID THEORY

31
Q

Characteristics of Charged Body

A

a) Distribution of the Charge
b) Behavior of like & unlike charges
c) Transmission of Electric Charge

32
Q

Is always held on the surface of
the object; the charge tends to concentrate
where the curvature of the surface is
greatest; it spreads evenly over a sphere but
concentrates at the edges & corners of a flat
plate

A

-Electric charge

33
Q

Like charges repel; unlike charges attract
(true or false)

A

true

34
Q

An electrically charged object can produce
charge on another object by contact or by
induction.

A

Transmission of Electric Charge

35
Q

production
of static electric charge in one object by
another without contact between them.;

A

ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION

36
Q

the area around a
charged body in which the forces resulting
from the charge are apparent; it is most
concentrated close to the charged object,
becoming weaker as the distance from it
increases (forces of attraction or repulsion

A

ELECTRIC FIELD

37
Q

the forces
resulting from the charge act along definite
line

A

ELECTRIC LINES OF FORCE-

38
Q

straight lines radiating outwards &
perpendicular to the surface

A
  • Sphere
39
Q

most concentrated at the edges
or points

A

Irregular Body

40
Q

LOF
pass from one to another but spread out
somewhat especially at the edges of the field as
they tend to repel each other

A

Between 2 objects with opposite charges-

41
Q

LOF concentrate on it
because they can pass through it easily

A

If with Conductor

42
Q

properties exhibited
by charged body result from the stored up or
potential, energy of its electric charge & its
electrical conditio

A

ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL

43
Q
  • an object with excess
    electrons
A

Negative Potential

44
Q

one with deficiency in
electron

A

Positive Potential

45
Q

Unit for potential

A

volt

46
Q

The potential varies ______ with the
quantity of electricity with which the object
is charged

A

directly

47
Q

quantity of electricity measured; SI unit for electric charge

A

coulombs

48
Q

ability of an object to hold an electric
charge & depends on

A

CAPACITY

49
Q

Conductors have the greatest power
of storing a chargE

A

Material

50
Q

charge is always on the surface of
the object; so the greater the surface area the
greater is the capacitY

A

Surface area

51
Q

The potential varies ______ with the
capacity of the object

A

inversely

52
Q

Electrical potential varies ______ with the
quantity of charge & inversely with the
capacity of the objecT

A

DIRECTLY

53
Q

2 Essential for electric current
production

A
  • Circuit
  • Difference of potential
54
Q

gives rise to a force,
known or EMF; Is maintained and
current continues to flow

A

Potential difference

55
Q

frictional force that
opposes the flow of an electric charge;
measured in ohms

A

Resistance

56
Q

FACTOR AFFECTING RESISTANCE

A
  1. The material of the conductor
  2. the length of the pathway
  3. Cross-sectional area of the conductor
  4. Temperature
57
Q

resistances are
connected together end to end so that the
current has only one pathway. R= total
resistance

A

RESISTANCES IN SERIES-

58
Q

resistances are connected so that
they tap the main circuit at two
points & thus provide alternative
pathways for the currenT

A

RESISTANCES IN PARALLEL

59
Q

the relationship between
EMF, resistance & intensity of CurrenT

A

Ohm’s Law-

60
Q

The Intensity of an electric current varies
_______ with the EMF & ________ with the
resistance of the conductor

A

DIRECTLY ; INVERSELY

61
Q

DEVICES WHICH
REGULATE INTENSITY OF
CURRENTS

A
  1. Rheostat
  2. Variable resistance
  3. Potential divider
62
Q

it consist of a coil of wire of
some material offering a fairly high
resistance such as german silver, wound
on a block of insulating material; may be
straight or circular in shapE

A
  1. Rheostat
63
Q

aka series rheostat;
while suitable for regulating current
supplied to certain pieces of apparatus,
such as UVR lamps; this device cannot be
used for regulating the current to a pt
because a pt in the circuit would receive a
shocK

A
  1. Variable resistance
64
Q

this device enables the
current to be regulated from zero, so it is
suitable for controlling the current
supplied to a pt.

A

Potential divider

65
Q

production of electric or
magnetic properties in one object by
another without contact between them

A
  • INDUCTION-
66
Q

is the
production of a static electric charge in
one object by another without contact
between them

A

ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION

67
Q

production
of an electrical properties in one object by magnetic lines of force surrounding another
object without contact between them

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

68
Q

the area around a charged
body in which the forces resulting from the
charge are apparenT

A

ELECTRIC FIELD

69
Q

a difference of potential gives rise to a
force known as

A

EMF

70
Q

an electric current that
flows in one direction only & is
substantially constant in value

A

DIRECT CURRENT

71
Q

an electric
current that reverses direction, according
to a consistent sinusoidal pattern

A

ALTERNATING CURRENT

72
Q

states that the amount of
heat produced in a conductor is
proportional to the square of the intensity
of current, the resistance & the time for which the current flows

A

JOULE’S LAW-

73
Q
  • are
    compounds whose molecules consist of the
    ions of the constituent elements held
    together by the attraction of their opposite
    electrical chargeS
A

ELECTROVALENT COMPOUNDS

74
Q

elements are
held together by shared electron bonds

A

COVALENT COMPOUNDS

75
Q

groups of atoms which are
frequently found in union with each other

A

RADICALS-

76
Q

substance which contains more
hydrogen than hydroxyl ions

A

ACID

77
Q

SUubstance which contains more
hydroxyl than hydrogen ions

A

ALKALI-

78
Q

forces acting
along a definite lines

A

MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE

79
Q

The strength of the induced
EMF is proportional to the rate of change of
the magnetic fielD

A

FARADAY’S LAW

80
Q

the direction of the induced EMF
is such that it tends to oppose the force
producinG

A
  • LENZ’S LAW-
81
Q

circular currents at right
angle to the magnetic lines of force;
undesirable as they tend to reduce the
magnetic effect of the current by setting up a
magnetic field in opposition to the original one

A

EDDY CURRENTS

82
Q

a collecting device used to convey the current from the moving coil of
wire to the external circuit; this may
transmit the A.C directly to the circuit or
may change into D.C

A

DYNAMO-

Electrotherapy (1 decks)

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