Introduction - definitions Flashcards
- What is the Internet?
- What is WWW?
- A global network of computers and other devices, that allows access to information and allows communication with other devices connected to the internet.
- World Wide Web is an information system enabling enabling information to be shared through the internet.
What is hypertext and hypermedia?
Hypertext is simply text with links. Meaning text that contains references to other text.
Hypermedia gives a similar meaning where there is other forms of media included in addition to text, such as videos, images, graphics, audio, etc.
What is Client-Server model?
A distributed application structure that divides workload between a resource or service provider, server and resource/ service requester, client.
What was the fundamental tool that made Web 2.0 interactive?
HTTP
What is Web 3.0?
Web 3.0 is meant to be decentralized and built on top of blockchain technologies, with development in Semantic Web, where the web will be a network of meaningful data.
What is a Web Application?
An application accessible from the web.
What is CGI?
Common Gateway Interface.
- used to write web applications/ scripts
- enables the web server to call an external program and HTTP request information for it to process.
- Each new request starts a new process.
List disadvantages of CGI (3)
- When the number of clients increase, the response time increases.
- Server is limited to start processes for each request.
- Uses platform dependent languages (C++, Pearl)
What is Servlet?
- A technology used to create web applications.
- Robust and scalable cuz of Java
- An API that provides many interfaces and classes
- A class that extends capabilities of servers and responds to any incoming requests.
List advantages of Servlets (5)
- Creates threads for incoming requests rather than processes. (shared memory and resources)
- Better performance
- Portability
- Robust - JVM
- Secure
What is version control?
A system that records changes to a file or file system so that specific versions can be recalled later.
List features of version controlling (5)
- revert files back to previous state
- revert an entire project back to previous state
- compare changes over time
- see who last modified a file
- identify who introduced an issue and when.
What are the 3 types of version controlling?
Give 2 examples of each.
- Localized : Local file system
- copies of all files are maintained on the local device.
- manually done - Centralized : Subversion, Perforce
- single server contains all versioned files
- losing everything is a possibility - Decentralized : GIT, Mercurial
- clients get a fully mirrored repository (clone), including history
- Every clone is a full backup of all the data
What is a webserver?
A computer software and underlying hardware that accepts a request via HTTP or HTTPS. It retrieves a requested resource and presents it to the client.
- A web server stores/ processes/ delivers web pages to clients.
List 4 features of a web server
Give 5 examples
- A web server stores/ processes/ delivers web pages to clients.
- Uses protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP to respond to client requests via WWW.
- A static web server consists of computer hardware along with HTTP server software.
- A dynamic web server is a static web server with additional software.
eg:
1. Apache HTTP server
2. Nginx Web server
3. Lighttpd
4. MS IIS Server
5. Apache Tomcat
6. NodeJS
