INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1

Question 1

The structure that spans horizontally between supports, whose function is to carry vertical loads. Two supports holding up a beam

Answer 1

Bridge

Question 2

This is a structure that crosses over a river, bay, or other obstruction, or an open intersection (as in interchanges), permitting the smooth and safe passage of vehicles, trains, and/or pedestrians.

Answer 2

Bridge

Question 3

Its provides horizontal spans such as deck and girders and carries traffic loads directly.

Answer 3

Superstructure

Question 4

Its supports the horizontal spans, elevating above the ground surface.

Answer 4

Substructure

Question 5

These are all the components of a bridge above the supports.

Answer 5

Superstructure

Question 6

The _____ is the physical extension of the roadway across the obstruction to be bridged.

Answer 6

Deck

Question 7

The main function of the _____ is to distribute loads along the bridge cross section or transversely.

Answer 7

Deck

Question 8

The _______ (course) is that portion of the deck cross section which resists traffic wear.

Answer 8

Wearing Surface

Question 9

In most instances this is a separate layer made of bituminous material.

Answer 9

Wearing Surface

Question 10

The wearing course usually varies in thickness from _______

Answer 10

50 mm to 100 mm

Question 11

What is the main example of Wearing Surface?

Answer 11

Asphalt

Question 12

Primary members distribute loads longitudinally and are usually designed principally to resist flexure.

Answer 12

Primary Members

Question 13

Beam type primary members are also called__________

Answer 13

Stringers or Girders

Question 14

Some bridge superstructure can be formed in the shape of a box, like?

Answer 14

Rectangular or Trapezoidal

Question 15

This are bracing between primary members designed to resist cross-sectional deformation of the superstructure frame and help distribute part of the vertical load between stringers.

Answer 15

Secondary Members

Question 15

In most instances, these secondary members are known as _____

Answer 15

Diaphragms

Question 16

They can be composed of crossed frames at the top or bottom flange of a stringer used to resist lateral deformation. This type of secondary member is called _________

Answer 16

Lateral Bracing

Question 16

____________ are earth‐retaining structures which support the superstructure and overpass roadway at the beginning and end of a bridge. Like a retaining wall, the abutments resist the longitudinal forces of the earth underneath the overpass roadway

Answer 16

Abutments

Question 17

A________is a short column on an abutment or pier which directly supports a superstructure primary member.

Answer 17

Pedestals

Question 18

Sometimes called the stem, is the primary component of the abutment acting as a retaining structure at each approach.

Answer 18

Backwall

Question 19

A ______ is a sidewall to the abutment backwall or stem designed to assist in confining earth behind the abutment.

Answer 19

Wingwall

Question 20

______ are structures which support the superstructure at intermediate points between the end supports (abutments).

Answer 20

Pier

Question 21

________ are mechanical systems which transmit the vertical loads of the superstructure to the substructure.

Answer 21

Bearings

Question 22

In cofferdams or shallow excavation, the vertical planks which are driven into the ground to act as temporary retaining walls permitting excavation are known as_____

Answer 22

Sheeting.

Question 23

are one of the most common forms of sheeting in use and can even be used as abutments for smaller structures.

Answer 23

Steel Sheet Piles

Question 24

is any part of the bridge or bridge site which is not a major structural component yet serves some purpose in the overall functionality of the structure.

Answer 24

Appurtenance

Question 25

The slope that tapers from the abutment to the underpass (embankment) is covered with a material called slope protection, which should be both aesthetically pleasing and provide for proper drainage and erosion control.

Answer 25

EMBANKMENT AND SLOPE PROTECTION

Question 26

To provide for proper drainage of a major substructure element, such as an abutment, it is often necessary to install an underdrain, which is a drainage system made of perforated pipe or other suitable conduit that transports runoff away from the structure and into appropriate drainage channels (either natural or man‐made).

Answer 26

Underdrain

Question 27

The section of overpass roadway which leads up to and away from the bridge abutments is called the approach or approach roadway.

Answer 27

Approach

Question 28

Protective devices used to reduce the severity of an accident when a vehicle leaves the road are called

Answer 28

Traffic Barriers

Question 29

A __________ may use a wide variety of structural steel components and systems: girders, frames, trusses, arches, and suspension cables.

Answer 29

Steel Bridge

Question 30

There are two primary types of concrete bridges: reinforced and prestressed.

Answer 30

Concrete Bridge

Question 31

Wooden bridges are used when the span is relatively short.

Answer 31

Timber Bridge

Question 32

Metal alloys such as aluminum alloy and stainless steel are also used in bridge construction.

Answer 32

Metal Alloy Bridges

Question 33

Bridges on highways for vehicles

Answer 33

Highway Bridge

Question 34

bridges on railroads for trains

Answer 34

Railway Bridge

Question 35

bridges carrying both vehicles and trains.

Answer 35

Combined Bridge

Question 36

bridges carrying pedestrian traffic

Answer 36

Pedestrian Bridge

Question 37

bridges supporting pipes with channeled water flow

Answer 37

Aqueduct Bridge

Question 38

The main girders consist of a plate assemblage of upper and lower flanges and a web. H‐ or I‐ cross‐sections are used to effectively resist bending and shear.

Answer 38

Plate Girder Bridge

Question 39

The simple (or multiple) main girder consists of a box beam fabricated from steel plates or formed from concrete, which resists not only bending and shear but also torsion effectively.

Answer 39

Box Girder Bridge

Question 40

Several reinforced concrete T‐beams are placed side by side to support the live load.

Answer 40

T-Beam Bridge

Question 41

The concrete deck slab works in conjunction with the steel girders to support loads as a united beam. The steel girder takes mainly tension, while the concrete slab takes the compression component of the bending moment.

Answer 41

Composite Girder Bridges

Question 42

The main girders are connected transversely by floor beams to form a rid pattern which shares the loads with the main girders.

Answer 42

Grillage Girder Bridges

Question 43

Truss bar members are theoretically considered to be connected with pins at their ends to form triangles. Each member resists an axial force, either in compression or tension.

Answer 43

Truss Bridge