Introduction and protozoa - Tesse

Question 1

What is a parasite

Answer 1

a parasite is an organism that lives within or on another host organism and is detriment to that host (and is dependent on the host for completion of part of its lifecycle .

Question 2

what does “detriment of the host” mean

Answer 2

in scientific terms, a reduction in some aspect of the animals physical condition or fitness

Question 3

What are some reasons veterinary parasitology is important

Answer 3

• one health
• economic burden
• financial importance
  -animal health and welfare
  -ecosystem and wildlife health
  -scientific importance

Question 4

What are two types of endoparasites

Answer 4

Protozoa (single celled) and helminths (metazoans)

Question 5

what are two types of ectoparasites

Answer 5

insects and arachnids

Question 6

What are the 5 general traits of Protozoa

Answer 6

1. eukaryotes
2. unicellular
3. rigid membrane
4. majority NOT pathogenic
5. most produce asexually

Question 7

what is a direct life cycle

Answer 7

a single host in which development and reproduction occurs

Question 8

what is an indirect life cycle

Answer 8

two or more hosts which are essential to the life cycle and in which development occurs
- intermediate host and a definitive host

Question 9

what is a definitive host

Answer 9

an animal essential for the life cycle of a parasite in which the parasite develops to sexual maturity and reproduces sexually (sometimes asexually as well)

Question 10

What is an intermediate host

Answer 10

occurs in indirect lifecycles only. An animal essiential for the life cycle of a parasite and in which the parasite undergoes some development (from one immature stage to the next) without reaching sexual maturity. Sometimes the parasite undergoes asexual reproduction (but never sexual reproduction)

Question 11

what is a paratenic host

Answer 11

an animal, not essential for the life cycle of a parasite, which the parasite infects but in which it does not undergo development or reproduction (often aids transmission or translocation)

Question 12

what is a transport host

Answer 12

an animal that carries a parasite - usually an immature stage - from one place to another (not infected by parasite but physically translocates it)

Question 13

Accidental or “dead-end” host

Answer 13

an animal which a parasite infects but which is not part of the parasites normal ecology of and which does not play a role in transmission

Question 14

what is the difference between a paratenic host and a transport host

Answer 14

both can be for translocation of the parasite, but a paratenic host is actually infected by the parasite and the transport simply carries it

Question 15

which of the following host types is the most likely to demonstrate clinical disease

Answer 15

intermediate host

Question 16

what are the five major taxonomic groups of parasitic protazoa

Answer 16

sarcodina, mastigophora, coccidia, piroplasmidia, haemosporidia

Question 17

sarcodina

Answer 17

amoeboid movement with pseudopodia, direct lifecycles

Question 18

coccidia

Answer 18

obliate intracel, both sexual and asexual. direct or indirect lifecycles

Question 19

mastigophora

Answer 19

one or more flagella, direct or indirect lifecycles

Question 20

piroplasmidia

Answer 20

parasites of blood cells, have ticks as vectors in which secual repro occurs. indirect lifecycle

Question 21

haemosporidia

Answer 21

parasites of blood cells, have blood sucking dipterans as vectors for sexual repro. indirect lifecycle

Question 22

what is the pre-patent period (PPP)

Answer 22

the period between infection of the host and the earliest time at which oocysts, eggs, larvae can be recovered from the feces

Question 23

what are the three methods of protozoa pathology

Answer 23

1. direct cell destruction (trauma)
2. indirect cell destruction (parasitic toxins)
3. modification of host immune system