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X-Ray Anatomy Midterm > Introduction and Principles > Flashcards

Introduction and Principles Flashcards

1
Q

When primary x-ray beam passes through the patient, it undergoes a process of what?

A

Attenuation

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2
Q

When x-ray beam passes through the patient, it is attenuated in different amounts depending on what?

A

Density of tissue through which is has passed

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3
Q

Object tissue radio density includes?

A 
Air
Fat
Water
Bone/Calcific
Metal
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4
Q

What is the order of object radiodensity starting with the most lucent and going to the most opaque?

A

Air–>Fat–>Water–>Bone–>Metal

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5
Q

What is the amount of blackness on the radiograph?

A

Radiographic Density

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6
Q

There is an inverse relationship between what?

A

Radiodensity of an object and radiographic density on radiograph.

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7
Q

Thick tissue causes what radiographic density?

A

Less (white/opaque)

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8
Q

Thin tissue causes what radiographic density?

A

More (black/lucent)

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9
Q

Radiographic density is primarily controlled by?

A

mAs

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10
Q

mAs control the amount of x-rays quanta (bundles) emitted from the x-ray tube during?

A

Exposure

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11
Q

mAs is what type of factor?

A

Quantitative Exposure

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12
Q

What is the amount of difference between black and white on a radiograph?

A

Radiographic Contrast

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13
Q

What is the purpose of contrast?

A

Make anatomic detail more visible

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14
Q

In skeletal radiograph high contrast is often required to visualize what?

A

Cortical margins of bone clearly

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15
Q

What is the primary controlling factor for contrast?

A

Peak Kilovoltage (kVp)

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16
Q

The kVp is the factor which controls the energy of the electrons as they move across the tube, or the speed of the electrons, thus controlling what?

A

Beam Quality

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17
Q

What does kVp equal?

A

Quantitative exposure factor

18
Q

What is the main determinant of beam quality?

A

kVp

19
Q

What control the number of electrons and therefore radiographic density (overall blackness or whiteness)?

A

mAs

20
Q

kVp controls the speed of the electrons and therefore beam quality which relates to what?

A

Film Contrast (difference btwn shades)

21
Q

kVp influences necessary what?

A

mAs

22
Q

What is the primary controlling factor of radiographic definition?

A

Motion

23
Q

How does motion affect definition?

A

Insufficient time for an image to form

24
Q

Radiographic definition is affected by what?

A

Motion
Beam Size
Distances

25
Q

What is the difference between the actual object and it’s recorded image?

A

Radiographic Distortion

26
Q

What are the 2 types of radiographic distortions?

A

Size

Shape

27
Q

The further the tube from the image receptor, the less what?

A

Magnification

28
Q

The closer the structure is to the image receptor, the less what?

A

Magnification

29
Q

The larger the object, the further the outer boundaries are from the central ray, the greater the what?

A

Magnification of the object

30
Q

What is the theoretical center of beam?

A

Central Ray

31
Q

Shape distortion causes what?

A

Unequal Magnification

32
Q

Only at the central ray a portion of the beam striking the structure and image receptor perpendicularly is the image what?

A

Close to accurate

33
Q

When taking x-rays what is the minimum amount of views?

A

2 at 90 degrees (orthogonal views)

34
Q

The 10 day rule is not justified if the delay could prove detrimental to what?

A

Health/welfare of pt

35
Q

Frontal views are named according to?

A

Beam entrance-to-beam exit

36
Q

Lateral views are named according to?

A

Which SIDE of pt’s body is closet to image receptor

37
Q

Oblique views are name according to?

A

Which QUADRANT of pt’s body is closest to film

38
Q

What are downsides to film based imaging?

A 
Increase radiation dose
Repeat exposures
Time
Inability to alter image
Physical transport
Storage space
Films get lost
39
Q

What are good reasons for digital based imaging?

A

Technical alteration of image after exposure
Better disease detection
Immediate access
Eliminate need for storage and inventory cost
Less environmental impact
Improved archival quality of images

40
Q

What are downsides to digital based imaging?

A

Non-reusability and Cost

Quality Control

41
Q

Anterior OBL demonstrates what?

A

Ipsilateral IVF

42
Q

Posterior OBL demonstrates?

A

Contralateral IVF

X-Ray Anatomy Midterm (1 decks)

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