INTRODUCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 2

1. Brain
2. Spinal Cord

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Question 3

1. Cerebral Cortex
2. Diencephalon (–alamus)

Answer 3

Forebrain

Question 4

major sensory relay region going to and from the cortex (thalamocortical projection)

Answer 4

Thalamus

Question 5

basically govern all functions (thermo, tempt, emotions, etc.) – can be under autonomic and CNS

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

for muscle contraction; initiation and control of movements

Answer 6

Subthalamus

Question 7

contains the pineal gland and is responsible for sleep-wake cycle.

Answer 7

Epithalamus

Question 8

1. Superior colliculi
2. Inferior colliculi

Answer 8

Midbrain

Question 9

1. 12 Cranial Nerves
2. Peripheral Nerve

Answer 9

Peripheral Nerve System

Question 10

1. Cerebellum (little brain)
2. Pons (respiration etc.)
3. Medulla oblongata

Answer 10

Hindbrain

Question 11

midbrain, pons, medulla

Answer 11

Brainstem

Question 12

Cranial Nerve V

Answer 12

Trigeminal (BOTH)

Question 13

Cranial Nerve II

Answer 13

Optic (S)

Question 14

Cranial Nerve I

Answer 14

Olfactory (S)

Question 15

Cranial Nerve VI

Answer 15

Abducens (M)

Question 16

Cranial Nerve IV

Answer 16

Trochlear (M)

Question 17

Cranial Nerve IX

Answer 17

Glossopharyngeal (BOTH)

Question 18

Cranial Nerve III

Answer 18

Oculomotor (M)

Question 19

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 19

Facial (BOTH)

Question 20

Cranial Nerve VIII

Answer 20

Vestibulocochlear (S)

Question 21

Cranial Nerve XII

Answer 21

Hypoglossal (M)

Question 22

Constriction of pupils
Levator Palpebrae Superioris - Opening of eyes

Answer 22

III - Oculomotor

Question 23

Innervates Lateral Rectus

Answer 23

VI - Abducens

Question 24

Parasympathetic in Nature

Answer 24

Cranial Nerves X, IX, VII, III

Question 25

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 25

Vagus (BOTH)

Question 26

Cranial Nerve XI

Answer 26

Spinal Accessory (M)

Question 27

• Blinking reflex (cornea) ophthalmic division
• Sensations or pain in the face, gums, tongue
• Motor (MITE)
  1. Masseter
  2. Internal pterygoid
  3. TEmporalis

Answer 27

V - Trigeminal

Question 28

Innervates Superior Oblique

Answer 28

IV - Trochlear

Question 29

Innervates for the taste of the anterior ⅔ of the tongue
Muscles of facial expression
Innervates orbicularis oculi for eyes closing

Answer 29

VII - Facial

Question 30

For posterior ⅓ of the tongue
Gag reflex
Important for patients with dysphagia or choking
For swallowing with cranial nerve X

Answer 30

IX - Glossopharyngeal

Question 31

Balance and hearing

Answer 31

VIII - Vestibulocochlear

Question 32

Phonation
During ‘ah’ sound, when the uvula deviates to the other side, it could mean that the other side is weak

Answer 32

X - Vagus

Question 33

Innervates upper traps and sternocleidomastoid

Answer 33

XI - Spinal Accessory

Question 34

Movement of the tongue, weakness on the side of deviation.

Answer 34

XII - Hypoglossal

Question 35

Sendory input, reflex circuits, somatic and autonomic motor output

Answer 35

Dorsal/Ventral Roots

Question 36

Cardiovascular and respiratory control, auditory and vestibular input, brainstem reflexes

Answer 36

Cranial Nerves VII-XII

Question 37

Respiratory/uriniray control, control of eye movemeny, facial sensation/motor control

Answer 37

Cranial Nerves V-VIII

Question 38

Motor coordination, motor learning, equilibrium

Answer 38

Cranial Nerve VIII

Question 39

Acoustic relay and mapping, control og the eye (including movement, lens and pupillary reflexes), pain modulation

Answer 39

Cranial Nerves III-IV

Question 40

Sensory and motor relay to the cerebral cortex, regulation of coritcal activation, visual input

Answer 40

Cranial Nerve II

Question 41

Autonomic and endocrine control, motivated behavior

Answer 41

Hypothalamus

Question 42

Shape patterns of thalmocortical motor inhibition
Inhibits the thalamus from continuously facilitating the cortex to avoid excessive movements (parkinson’s = tremors)
Thalamocortical reflex

Answer 42

Basal Ganglia

Question 43

Sensory perception, cognition, learning and memory, motor planning and voluntary movement, language

Answer 43

Cranial Nereve I

Question 44

Visual reflexes

Answer 44

Superior colliculus

Question 45

Auditory reflexes

Answer 45

Inferior colliculus

Question 46

Meninges

Answer 46

Dura mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater

Question 47

Outermost Meningi

Answer 47

Duramater

Question 48

Innermost Meningi

Answer 48

Pia mater

Question 49

Meningi space that contains the CSF

Answer 49

Subarachnoid space

Question 50

Lies in the cranial cavity
Continuous with the spinal cord through the foramen magnum
Surrounded by the three meninges
Surrounded by the CSF

Answer 50

Brain

Question 51

Cerebral cortex
Composed of multiple gyrus/folds and sulcus/fissures

Answer 51

Forebrain

Question 52

Layer of neuronal cell bodies that covers the entire surface of the hemisphere

Answer 52

Cerebral cortex

Question 53

states that the Anterior spinal roots transmit motor impulses and the Posterior roots sensory impulses

Answer 53

Bell-Magendie Law

Question 54

Largest part – Consists of two cerebral hemisphere, which are connected by a mass of white matter called corpus callosum

Answer 54

Cerebrum

Question 55

Clef that seperates the hemispheres

Answer 55

Longitudinal fissure

Question 56

Surface layer of each hemisphere, is composed of gray matter

Answer 56

Cortex

Question 57

named from the bones of cranium under which they lie

Answer 57

Lobes

Question 58

central core of white matter which contains masses of gray matter

Answer 58

Basal ganglia

Question 59

fan-shaped collection of nerve fibers

Answer 59

Corona radiata

Question 60

tailed nucleus situated on the medial side of the internal capsule

Answer 60

Caudate nucleus

Question 61

lens shaped nucleus of the lateral side of the internal capsule

Answer 61

Lentiform nucleus