Introduction and History Flashcards
It is a branch of biology concerning with the study of inherited variations.
Genetics
It is specifically the study of the origin transmission, expression, and evolution of genetic information
Genetics
It is known as the passing of characteristics or genetic information from a parent to an offspring
Heredity
It is known as the random pairing of alleles that may cause changes in the DNA sequence which will increase genetic diversity
Variation
Contradicted the theory of pangenesis and developed the Germplasm theory
August Weisman
States that “It is not the semen that serves as the carrier of the heritable information, instead the germplasm which is known as the sex cell, carry the trait of the organism”
Germplasm Theory
He is known as the father of Genetics and experimented on Garden peas which proved heredity with mathematical explanation.
Gregor Mendel
He proposed that hereditary characteristics were determined by units called “Genes” and it is transmitted between generations, which he called as ‘Mendellian Factor’
Gregor Mendel
A person coming from a particular parent/family
Progeny
Portions of chromosomes which comprises the DNA
Gene
It is the substance that carries the genetic information of cells
DNA
This is where the genes can be found. It also controls how animals/plants grow and what it becomes
Chromosome
He is the one who successfully isolated a nucleic compound from puss cells obtained from discarded bandages
Friedrich Miescher
He discovered Mitosis
Walter Flemming
The man from Germany from the group who re-proved and experimented Mendel’s theory using garden peas and other species of plants
Carl Correns
The australian from the group who re-proved and experimented Mendel’s theory using garden peas and other species of plants
Erick Von Tschermak
The man from Holand from the group who re-proved and experimented Mendel’s theory using garden peas and other species of plants
Hugo de Vries
They studied about chromosomes and meiosis using fruit fly.
Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri
They were the ones who discovered and identify the X and Y chromosomes
Edmund Wilson and Nellie Stevens
How many chromosomes are found in the body?
23
What is the biggest chromosome?
Chromosome no. 1
What is the smallest chromosome?
Sex Chromosome
Will alliteration, deletion or mutation in the chromosomes greatly affect the organism?
Yes
Coined the term “genes” to describe the carrier of heredity.
Wilhelm Johannsen
They were the ones who demonstrated that some genes modify the action of other genes, called “Gene modifier”.
William Bateson and Reginald Crudell Punnett
It modifies expected result; instead of expected value, there is an alteration at an expected value/phenotype.
Gene modifier
They were the ones who proved that a chromosome contained not one but many genes.
Thomas Hunt Morgan and Calvin Bridge
He tried to prove the DNA by focusing on its molecular aspect.
Frederick Griffith
In Griffith’s experiment, how many strains of bacteria was used?
2
This is the strain used in Griffith’s experiment which is encapsulated which may have the ability to cause diseases.
Smooth Type
This is the strain used in Griffith’s experiment which has no capsule, the bacteria is non-pathogenic.
Rough Type
They were the ones who identified the transforming agent as the genetic material of an organism
Oswald Avery, Colin Mac Leod, Maclyn McCarty
It is capable of degrading another molecule or compound
Restriction Enzymes
Restriction enzyme which degrades DNA
DNAse
Restriction enzyme which degrades RNA
RNAse
Restriction enzyme which degrades lipids
Lipase
They were the ones who developed the ‘One gene: One enzyme theory’
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
Developed the Chargaff rule
Erwin Chargaff
The ration of Purine and Pyrimidine
Chargaff Rule
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA and introduced the DNA in a helical structure
James Watson and Francis Crick
She studied the DNA through x-ray diffraction and discovered a data of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
They studied and discovered the Central Dogma
Francis Crick and James Gamoy
They discovered ‘Gene Regulation’
Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod
They cracked the genetic code and the triplet code
Marshall Nirenberg, Heinrich Mathaei and Severo Ochoa
Adenine and Guanine
Purine
Thymine and Cytosine
Pyrimidine
It is the mechanism of DNA/chromosomes in order to turn on and off genes
Gene Regulation
How many codons are there if there are 3 bases?
1 Codon
It is the act of curing pre-destined genes before expression
Gene therapy
It is the exchange of genetic material between bacteria or the transfer of plasmids
Conjugation
