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Genetics > Introduction and History > Flashcards

Introduction and History Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It is a branch of biology concerning with the study of inherited variations.

A

Genetics

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2
Q

It is specifically the study of the origin transmission, expression, and evolution of genetic information

A

Genetics

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3
Q

It is known as the passing of characteristics or genetic information from a parent to an offspring

A

Heredity

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4
Q

It is known as the random pairing of alleles that may cause changes in the DNA sequence which will increase genetic diversity

A

Variation

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5
Q

Contradicted the theory of pangenesis and developed the Germplasm theory

A

August Weisman

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6
Q

States that “It is not the semen that serves as the carrier of the heritable information, instead the germplasm which is known as the sex cell, carry the trait of the organism”

A

Germplasm Theory

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7
Q

He is known as the father of Genetics and experimented on Garden peas which proved heredity with mathematical explanation.

A

Gregor Mendel

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8
Q

He proposed that hereditary characteristics were determined by units called “Genes” and it is transmitted between generations, which he called as ‘Mendellian Factor’

A

Gregor Mendel

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9
Q

A person coming from a particular parent/family

A

Progeny

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10
Q

Portions of chromosomes which comprises the DNA

A

Gene

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11
Q

It is the substance that carries the genetic information of cells

A

DNA

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12
Q

This is where the genes can be found. It also controls how animals/plants grow and what it becomes

A

Chromosome

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13
Q

He is the one who successfully isolated a nucleic compound from puss cells obtained from discarded bandages

A

Friedrich Miescher

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14
Q

He discovered Mitosis

A

Walter Flemming

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15
Q

The man from Germany from the group who re-proved and experimented Mendel’s theory using garden peas and other species of plants

A

Carl Correns

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16
Q

The australian from the group who re-proved and experimented Mendel’s theory using garden peas and other species of plants

A

Erick Von Tschermak

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17
Q

The man from Holand from the group who re-proved and experimented Mendel’s theory using garden peas and other species of plants

A

Hugo de Vries

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18
Q

They studied about chromosomes and meiosis using fruit fly.

A

Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri

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19
Q

They were the ones who discovered and identify the X and Y chromosomes

A

Edmund Wilson and Nellie Stevens

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20
Q

How many chromosomes are found in the body?

A

23

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21
Q

What is the biggest chromosome?

A

Chromosome no. 1

22
Q

What is the smallest chromosome?

A

Sex Chromosome

23
Q

Will alliteration, deletion or mutation in the chromosomes greatly affect the organism?

A

Yes

24
Q

Coined the term “genes” to describe the carrier of heredity.

A

Wilhelm Johannsen

25
Q

They were the ones who demonstrated that some genes modify the action of other genes, called “Gene modifier”.

A

William Bateson and Reginald Crudell Punnett

26
Q

It modifies expected result; instead of expected value, there is an alteration at an expected value/phenotype.

A

Gene modifier

27
Q

They were the ones who proved that a chromosome contained not one but many genes.

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan and Calvin Bridge

28
Q

He tried to prove the DNA by focusing on its molecular aspect.

A

Frederick Griffith

29
Q

In Griffith’s experiment, how many strains of bacteria was used?

A

2

30
Q

This is the strain used in Griffith’s experiment which is encapsulated which may have the ability to cause diseases.

A

Smooth Type

31
Q

This is the strain used in Griffith’s experiment which has no capsule, the bacteria is non-pathogenic.

A

Rough Type

32
Q

They were the ones who identified the transforming agent as the genetic material of an organism

A

Oswald Avery, Colin Mac Leod, Maclyn McCarty

33
Q

It is capable of degrading another molecule or compound

A

Restriction Enzymes

34
Q

Restriction enzyme which degrades DNA

A

DNAse

35
Q

Restriction enzyme which degrades RNA

A

RNAse

36
Q

Restriction enzyme which degrades lipids

A

Lipase

37
Q

They were the ones who developed the ‘One gene: One enzyme theory’

A

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

38
Q

Developed the Chargaff rule

A

Erwin Chargaff

39
Q

The ration of Purine and Pyrimidine

A

Chargaff Rule

40
Q

Discovered the molecular structure of DNA and introduced the DNA in a helical structure

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

41
Q

She studied the DNA through x-ray diffraction and discovered a data of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin

42
Q

They studied and discovered the Central Dogma

A

Francis Crick and James Gamoy

43
Q

They discovered ‘Gene Regulation’

A

Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod

44
Q

They cracked the genetic code and the triplet code

A

Marshall Nirenberg, Heinrich Mathaei and Severo Ochoa

45
Q

Adenine and Guanine

A

Purine

46
Q

Thymine and Cytosine

A

Pyrimidine

47
Q

It is the mechanism of DNA/chromosomes in order to turn on and off genes

A

Gene Regulation

48
Q

How many codons are there if there are 3 bases?

A

1 Codon

49
Q

It is the act of curing pre-destined genes before expression

A

Gene therapy

50
Q

It is the exchange of genetic material between bacteria or the transfer of plasmids

A

Conjugation

Genetics (4 decks)

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