Introduction and Breathing

Question 1

what is the nervous system?

Answer 1

the NS transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, including internal organs

Question 2

what is the peripheral NS?

Answer 2

made up of nerves that branch off the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body. Nerves transport to and from regions to connect
to the CNS (can be motor, sensory or both)

Question 3

what is the central NS?

Answer 3

the central NS is made up of the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

what is the autonomic NS?

Answer 4

a component of the PNS that consists of parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. It regulates involuntary physiological processes

Question 5

what is the somatic NS?

Answer 5

allows you to move and control muscles throughout the body. Contains nerves that talk to your muscles (cranial nerves)

Question 6

what is a neuron?

Answer 6

structural and functional unit of the nervous system

Question 7

what are glial cells?

Answer 7

non-neural cells that provide service for the neurons. e.g nourish or support.

Question 8

what are the different classifications of neurons?

Answer 8

unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar

Question 9

what are the different parts of the brain?

Answer 9

cerebrum (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe), cerebellum, brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla), spinal cord

Question 10

where do spinal nerves enter and exit thru (PNS)?

Answer 10

Both sensory and motor fibres exit and enter the CNS via the spinal cord

Question 11

where do cranial nerves enter and exit thru (PNS)?

Answer 11

These nerves enter and exit the CNS via the cerebrum or brainstem. Can be sensory (general and/or special), motor or both sensory and motor

Question 12

what are the different types of nerve fibres?

Answer 12

motor (efferent) (from CNS to PNS to effect muscles) VS sensory (afferent) (from PNS to CNS e.g touch of skin)
general VS special
visceral (viscera internal organs e.g hear) VS somatic (skin, muscles, bones)

Question 13

what are cranial nerves?

Answer 13

Cranial nerves are mixed nerves, where they carry both sensory and motor fibers Cranial nerves are involved in vision, sense of the smell, hearing, sense of taste and eye movements

Question 14

what is the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Answer 14

• CN VIII
• balance and hearing (SSA)

Question 15

what is the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 15

• CN V
• has 3 branches
• involved in sensation of the face (skin, face, intraoral, intranasal, internal eye socket) and mucous membranes (GSA)
• muscles of mastication (cheweing) (GSE)

Question 16

what is the facial nerve?

Answer 16

• CN VII
• mixed cranial nerve
• facial muscle movement/facial expression (GSE)
• taste for anterior 2/3rd tongue (SVA)
• submandibular and sublingual salivary glands/ lacrimal glands (GVE)
• external ear (GSA)

Question 17

what is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 17

• CN IX
• tongue (taste) (SVA)
• saliva gland (GVE) parotid gland
• GSE fibres to the stylopharyngeus that elevates the pharynx in swallowing
• sensation in posterior oral cavity (GSA)

Question 18

what is the vagus nerve?

Answer 18

• CN X
• movement for larynx, pharynx and velar muscles (GSE)
• parasympathetic control of abdominothoracic viscera (GVE)
• taste from pharyngeal region (SVA)
• sensations from laryngopharynx and larynx (GVA)

Question 19

what is the accessory nerve?

Answer 19

• CN XI
• motor nerve
• movement of some muscles in the neck (GSE)

Question 20

what is the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 20

• CN XII
• motor nerve
• movement of the tongue muscles (GSE)

Question 21

what is the abducens nerve?

Answer 21

• CN VI
• moves eye and abducts the eye (GSE)

Question 22

what is the olfactory nerve?

Answer 22

• CN I
• smell (SVA)

Question 23

what is the optic nerve?

Answer 23

• CN II
• Vision (SSA)

Question 24

what is the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 24

• CN III
• Moves eye (GSE)
• Moves pupil (GVE)

Question 25

what is the trochlear nerve?

Answer 25

• CN IV
• moves eye (GSE)
• medially and downwards