Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RC-Respirtory Physiology > Introduction and Anatomy of Lungs, Airways and Blood Supply > Flashcards

Introduction and Anatomy of Lungs, Airways and Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange

Acid base balance

Protection from infection

Communication via speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the gas exchange that takes place?

A

Oxygen added to the blood from the air

Carbon dioxide removed from the blood into the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does speech occur?

A

Larynx vibrating and manipulating air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does speech occur on inspiration or expiration?

A

Expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In basic terms, why do we breathe?

A

We need oxygen for energy, which fuels cells and allows them to perform their functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What would being unable to breathe oxygen do to us?

A

Our cells would die, and then we would die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can enery be produced without oxygen, and why is this not feasible long term?

A

Anaerobic respiration, but this does not produce enough energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is produced when oxygen is burned?

A

CO2 as waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Oxygen going in and out of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is internal/cellular respiration?

A

Biochemical process within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs and is this oxygenated?

A

Pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What vessel carries blood from the lungs to the heart and is this oxygenated?

A

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two systems does external respiration require integration of?

A

Respiratory and cardiovascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the exchanges of oxygen present once we intake air?

A

1) Between atmosphere and lung (alveoli)
2) Between lungs and blood
3) Between the blood and cells (transported to cells in the blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Regions of the lung that are thin enough to allow gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are arteries?

A

Vessels that carries blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are veins?

A

Vessels that carries blood towards the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two kinds of circulation relevent to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary circulation

Systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does pulmonary circulation and systemic cirulation contrast each other?

A

Pulmonary delivers CO2 and picks up oxygen

Systemic delivers O2 and picks up CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the pulmonary vein and artery carries oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What displays the intimate relationship between the respiratory and cardiovasular systems during an increase in energy demand?

A

Rate and depth of breathing increase (more oxygen acquired and carbon dioxide diposed of)

Heart rate and force of contraction increases (delivered to muscle and waste removed quicker)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why can gas exchange only take place in capillaries?

A

The walls are thin enough to allow it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are the 2 places that gas exchange occurs in the respiratory system?

A

Lungs (alveoli)

Systemic capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is oxygen and CO2 exchange like in steady state?

A

Net volume of oxygen and CO2 exchange in the lung per unit of time is equal to the net exchange at the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the average volumes of O2 and CO2 exchanged per minute?

A

250ml of oxygen

200ml of CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the typical breathing rate of someone at rest and at maximum exercise?

A

10-20 breaths/min at rest

40-45 breaths/min at maximum exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is A?

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is B?

A

Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is C?

A

Lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is D?

A

Bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is E?

A

Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is F?

A

Epiglottis

33
Q

What is G?

A

Nose

34
Q

What systems is the pharynx shared between?

A

Digestive and respiratory

35
Q

What is the trachea made up of?

A

Stiff rings of cartilage that protect it

36
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

Folds over the trachea and prevents food from entering it when you swallow

37
Q

What is the larynx also known as?

A

Voice box

38
Q

Why is the nose prefered for breathing over the mouth?

A

Large surface area allows it to be better at warming and moistening the air

39
Q

What is everything in this diagram known as?

A

Conducting airways

40
Q

What are conducting airways?

A

Ones that have thick walls and so no gas exchange takes place, they carry air to where gas exchange can take place

41
Q

How does the structure of the bronchus change as it goes deeper into the lungs?

A

It continues branching until it becomes sacs (alveoli) where gas exchange can take place

42
Q

What are the 2 things the respiratory system can be divided into?

A

Upper and lower respiratory system

43
Q

Where does the upper respiratory system end?

A

Larynx and epiglottis (they are included)

44
Q

Where does the lower respiratory system begin?

A

Trachea (included)

45
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

Large sheet of muscles that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

46
Q

What can the lung be seperated into?

A

Lobes

47
Q

How many lobes does the left and right lung have?

A

Left lung has 2 lobes

Right lung has 3 lobes

48
Q

What is each lobe seperated by?

A

Fissure

49
Q

What are the 3 lobes in the right lung called?

A

Superior lobe

Middle lobe

Inferior lobe

50
Q

What are the 2 lobes in the left lung called?

A

Superior lobe

Inferior lobe

51
Q

What are the fissures present in the right lung called?

A

Horizontal fissure (seperates superior and middle lobes)

Oblique fissure (seperates middle and inferior lobes)

52
Q

What are the lungs surrounded by which appears black in images?

A

Pleural cavity

53
Q

What does the bronchi seperate into, and what does this seperate into, and what does this further seperate into?

A

Primary bronchi, which seperates in secondary bronchi that goes into each lobe, which seperates in tertiary bronchi that seperates into bronchi-pulmonary sections

54
Q

What is different between the right primary bronchi and the left?

A

Width and angle

55
Q

In which primary bronchi do most foreign bodies become lodged and why?

A

Right because of the more verticle angle and wider shape

56
Q

What do bronchus become when cartilage stops?

A

Bronchiole

57
Q

What is each stage in the branching of airways between the larynx and the alveoli?

A

Larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - alveoli

58
Q

How many levels of branching is there between the trachea and alveoli?

A

About 23

59
Q

What is patency?

A

Airway is patent when it is open

60
Q

What maintains patency in the trachea?

A

Cartilage

61
Q

What maintains patency in the bronchioles?

A

Physical forces in the thorax

62
Q

In which part of the airway does most resistance occur and why?

A

Upper airway, although they are wider than the lower because more air is competing for the space

63
Q

How can airway diameter be altered?

A

Contracting bronchial smooth muscle

64
Q

What does altering airway diameter in turn alter?

A

Airway resistance

65
Q

What does contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle do?

A

Decreases airway diameter and so increases resistance

66
Q

What does relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle do?

A

Increases airway diameter and so decreases resistance

67
Q

What is asthma?

A

Inappriopriate contraction of bronchial smooth muscle

68
Q

What is each cluster of alveoli surrounded by?

A

Elastic fibres and a network of capillaries

69
Q

What are the 2 types of cells that compose alveoli?

A 
Type 1 (exchange gas with blood)
Type 2 (synthesis surfactant)
70
Q

What do elastic fibres do to alveoli?

A

Sits in interstitial space and seperates them

71
Q

What ingests forign material that reaches the alveoli?

A

Alveoli macrophages

72
Q

What is surfactant?

A

Substance that lowers the tension between two other substances

73
Q

What is the air in upper airways termed as and why?

A

Anatomically dead because it cannot participate in gas exchange

74
Q

What does each lung have a capacity of?

A

3L

75
Q

What are some functions of mucous?

A

Moistens air

Traps particles

Provides large surfaces area for cilia to act on

76
Q

What produces mucous?

A

Goblet cells

77
Q

What does cilia line and what does it do?

A

Trachea where it beats mucous away from the lower respiratory tract

78
Q

What do goblet cells and cilia terminate before, and which terminates first?

A

The level of the bronchia, with goblet cells terminating first

RC-Respirtory Physiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions