Introduction and Anatomy of Lungs Airways and Blood Supply Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange
Acid base balance
Protection of infection
Communication via speech
Why is gas exchange essential?
Oxygen essential for releasing energy
Removes C02- waste product
What is the cardiovascular system responsible for?
Transports oxygen to tissues
Transports CO2 away from tissue
What is meant by external respiration?
Movement of gases between the air and the bodies cells
What type and where does pulmonary artery take blood
Away from the heart
Deoxygenated blood
Where does the pulmonary vein take blood?
Towards the heart
(Only vein that takes oxygenated blood)
How does pulmonary circulation differ from systemic circulation?
Opposite in function - It delivers CO2 to the lungs and picks up O2
Systemic- Delivers O2, collects Co2 from tissues
What changes occur in the resp. system and CVS system when E demand increases by working muscle?
Respiratory - Rate & Depth of Breathing.
Speeds up: - Substrate (O2) acquisition - Waste disposal (CO2)
Cardiovascular- Heart Rate & Force of Contraction.
Speeds up: - Substrate delivery to muscle via blood - Waste removal via blood
What is the movement of O2 during gas exchange?
Air to blood (at lungs)
blood to cells (at systemic capillaries)
What is the movement of CO2 during gas exchange?
cells to blood (at the systemic capillaries)
blood to air which is then expired (at Lungs)
What is the relationship between the volume of oxygen exchanged in the lungs per unit time and that of the net volume exchanged in the tissues
EQUAL Same applies for carbon dioxide
What is the purpose of this equal exchange between the lungs and the tissues?
Prevents gas build up in circulation which hampers gas exchange.
Supply=demand
What are the average volumes exchanged per minute?
250 ml oxygen exchanged (consumed)
200 ml carbon dioxide exchanged (produced)
What are breathing rates at rest? And maximum breathing rate?
10-20 breaths/min at rest,
40 - 45 at maximum exercise in adults
What portion of the respiratory system is shared with the digestive system?
The pharynx - From your nose, oxygen moves into the pharynx or throat
What helpful roles does the nose have in the respiratory system?
Air enters the body through nose. Cilia and mucus trap particles Warms and moistens air
What is the function of trachea?
Transports oxygen from the pharynx to the lungs
What protective structural component exists in the trachea?
Stiff rings of cartilage - supports and protects
What are lungs spongy?
Lots of hollow sacs that compose them
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Small flap where tissue folds over the trachea and prevents food from entering it when you swallow It is mostly open, closes on swallowing
What is the function of the larynx?
Contains vocal cords - vibrate to produce sound
What is the bronchus?
Where trachea bifurcates (at sternal angle),
air moves from trachea to bronchus leads to the inside of the lung.
Where is the lower respiratory system enclosed?
In the thorax, bounded by the ribs, spine and the diaphram
What body structures are found in the upper respiratory system?
Pharynx, Vocal Cords, Esophagus, Nasal Cavity, Tongue, Larynx
