Introduction Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
Structure and shape of the body and its parts
Anatomy
The 2 types of anatomy
Gross anatomy and Microscopic anatomy
- Large structure
- Easily observable
Gross anatomy
- very small structures
- can only be viewed with a microscope
Microscopic anatomy
How it work or function
Physiology
The 6 types of Structural organizations levels
- Chemical level
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- Organ system level
- Organismal level
Atoms combine to form molecules
Chemical level
Made up of molecules
Cellular level
Consist of similar types of cells
Tissue level
Made up of different types of tissues
Organ level
Consist of different organs that work together closely
Organ system level
Made up of many organ systems
Organismal level
Forms the external body covering, injury and drying out, vitamin D, cutaneous nerve receptors
Integumentary system
Protects and support, attachment for movement, blood cell formation, stores minerals
Skeletal system
Allows locomotion, maintain posture, produces heat
Muscular system
Control system, internal and external, active muscles
Nervous system
Secrets regulatory, growth, reproduction, metabolism
Endocrine system
Pumped by the heart, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes
Cardiovascular system
Returns fluids, debris, destroying bacteria
Lymphatic system
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
Break down, nutrient absorption, eliminates
Digestive system
Nitrogenous wastes, maintain acid, regulation of materials, water, electrolytes
Urinary system
Production of offspring
Reproductive system
used to prevent misunderstanding
Special terminology
The 4 exact term are used for
- Position
- Direction
- Region
- Structures
Erect with the feet parallel
Anatomical position
Explain exactly where one body
Directional terms
Triggers action that reverses, control mechanisms, shut off the original stimulus
Negative feedback mechanism
Body reacts to change, increase the original stimulus, blood clotting and birth of a baby
Positive feedback mechanism
The factor or event being regulated
Variable
Monitor and response
Receptor
Determines the level (set point)
Control center
Provides the means
Effector
Produces change in variable
Stimulus
Detects change
Receptors
Pathway to control center
Input
Pathway to affector
Output
Back to reduce the effect of stimulus
Response
