INTRODUCTION - ALPHAPROTEOBACTERIA

Question 1

Categorizes bacteria into taxa
based on rRNA sequences

Answer 1

Bergey’s Manual

Question 2

Characteristics of Prokaryotes:

Answer 2

One circular chromosome, not in a membrane
 No histones
 No organelles
 Peptidoglycan cell walls
 Binary fission

Question 3

No peptidoglycan cell wall but some species
has pseudopeptidoglycan in their cell wall

Answer 3

Archaea

Question 4

mythical greek god who could assume
many shapes

Answer 4

Proteus

Question 5

largest group of bacteria; most gram negative and chemoheterotrophic
bacteria arisen from common photosynthetic
ancestor

Answer 5

Proteobacteria

Question 6

proteobacteria that are
capable of growth with very low levels of
nutrients

Answer 6

Alphaproteobacteria

Question 7

Alphaproteobacteria have unusual morphology, include protrusions
such stalks or buds known as?

Answer 7

Prosthecae

Question 8

Agriculturally important bacteria capable of
nitrogen fixation in symbiosis with plants, and several plant and human pathogens.

Answer 8

Alphaproteobacteria

Question 9

Types of Alphaproteobacteria

Answer 9

1. Pelagibacter (Pelagibacter ubique)
2. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillum)
3. Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol (Acetobactereceae, Granulibacter)
4. Obligate intracellular parasites (Rickettsia, Ehrlichia)
5. Have prosthecae (Caulobacter, Hyphomicrobium)
6. Plant pathogen (Rhizobium, Agrobacterium)
7. Human pathogen (Bartonella, Brucella)
8. Chemoautotrophic (Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas)
9. Obligate intracellular parasites (Wolbachia)

Question 10

Identifying characteristics of bacteria.

Answer 10

 Gram stain reaction
 Cellular morphology
 Oxygen requirements
 Nutritional properties

Question 11

Protein builders of the cell responsible for translation and reading the order of amino
acids and linking amino acids together.

Answer 11

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA)

Question 12

The
process our cells use to make proteins.

Answer 12

Translation

Question 13

Most abundant microorganism on earth, located
in the oceans.

Answer 13

Pelagibacter

Question 14

Size of pelagibacter

Answer 14

0.3mm

Question 15

derived from ubiquitous - found
everywhere

Answer 15

Ubique

Question 16

Grows in close association w/ the roots of plants, especially tropical grasses.
Uses nutrients secreted by plants, in return fixes
nitrogen from the atmosphere

Answer 16

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 17

significant in tropical grasses, sugarcane, corns

Answer 17

Nitrogen fixation

Question 18

Industrially important aerobic organism
that convert ethanol into acetic acid (vinegar)

Answer 18

Acetobactereceae
(Acetobacter & Gluconobacter)

Question 19

Emerging pathogen found in patients w/ chronic
granulomatous disease

Answer 19

Granulibacter

Question 20

Bergey’s 1st Edition: Genera that are grouped closely - reproduce only w/in a
mammalian cell.

Answer 20

Rickettsia, Coxiella, Chlamydia

Question 21

Gram negative rod-shaped (coccobacilli) bacteria; transmitted to humans by insect & tick bites unlike
Cociella

Answer 21

Rickettsia

Question 22

Enters by inducing phagocytosis, reproducing by binary fission; responsible for spotted fever group, arthropod- borne. In humans, infections damage the
permeability of blood capillaries - results in spotted
rash

Answer 22

Rickettsia

Question 23

Gram-negative, rickettsia-like bacteria
live obligately w/in white blood cells

Answer 23

Ehrlichia

Question 24

Transmitted by ticks to humans, cause a sometimes fatal disease

Answer 24

EHRLICHIA (Ehrlichiosis)

Question 25

Most common infectious bacterial genus in the world that lives only inside the cells of their host (in insects) (known as endosymbiosis)

Answer 25

Wolbachia

Question 26

could reduce the ability of Wolbachia infections and may compromise the ability to block virus transmission

Answer 26

Heat stress

Question 27

The phenomenon which: 1. Wolbachia-Infected F + Normal/infected males = offspring: healthy, Wolbachia-positive 2. Wolbachia-negative F + Wolbacia-positive M = offspring do not match

Answer 27

Cytoplasmic incompatibility

Question 28

Found in low-nutrient aquatic environments (lakes) and feature stalks that anchor organism to surfaces

Answer 28

Caulobacter

Question 29

Caulobacters have prosthecae because of?

Answer 29

constant changing flow of water

Question 30

Caulobacter prosthecae uses:

Answer 30

• Increases their nutrient uptake • Increase surface-to-volume ratio of the cell

Question 31

Found growing in laboratory water baths

Answer 31

Hyphomicrobium

Question 32

Infect the roots of leguminous plants

Answer 32

Rhizobium & Bradyrhizobium (common name: rhizobia)

Question 33

Presence of rhizobia in roots leads to formation of this thing that creates symbiotic relationship; resulting to nitrogen fixation

Answer 33

Nodules

Question 34

 Has the ability to invade plants  Do not induce root nodules or fix nitrogen  Used in genetic engineering

Answer 34

Agrobacterium

Question 35

Causes a disease called crown gall

Answer 35

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 36

gram negative bacillus

Answer 36

Bartonella

Question 37

Infected area - may appear swollen & red w/ round, raised lesions & can have pus  Infected person - have fever, headache, poor appetite, exhaustion

Answer 37

Bartonella henselae

Question 38

Small non-motile coccobacilli & obligate parasites of mammals and cause the disease ______ that survive phagocytosis

Answer 38

Brucella, Brucellosis

Question 39

How do you acquired brucellosis?

Answer 39

• Direct contact w/ infected animals or by consumption of raw milk or cheese • Human -cuts in the skin, through mucous membranes (inhalation & eating contaminated meat)

Question 40

Bacteria that oxidize nitrogen for energy and fix CO2  Energy sources are reduced nitrogenous compound

Answer 40

Chemoautotrophic Bacteria (Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas)