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Thermodynamics and Kinetics > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is thermodynamics concerned with?

A

Conservation of energy

Transfer of energy (via work or heat)

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2
Q

What does thermodynamics predict?

A

Spontaneous direction of chemical processes

The equilibrium states of chemical systems

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3
Q

What does chemical kinetics concern?

A

The rate of processes of chemical systems

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4
Q

What are the two form of energy thermodynamics is concerned with?

A

Heat and work

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5
Q

What is heat?

A

The transfer of energy due to a difference in temperature

Transfer due to chaotic, disorganized motion

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6
Q

What is work>

A

A process which can be used directly to move an object to a certain distance

Transfer due to organized motion of particles

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7
Q

Formula for work

A

w = { F. ds

Integration of force with respect to displacement

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8
Q

What is a system?

A

A region of chemical interest

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9
Q

What are surroundings?

A

The rest of the universe, the region outside the system.

Separated by a boundary

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10
Q

What are the different systems?

A

Open system
Isolated system
Closed system (adiabatic and diathermic)

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11
Q

What is an open system?

A

Both energy and matter can be freely exchanged

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12
Q

What is an isolated system?

A

Neither energy not matter can be exchanged

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13
Q

What is an adiabatic system?

A

Only work can be exchanged

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14
Q

What is a diathermic system?

A

Only heat exchanged

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15
Q

Define exothermic

A

The system gives out heat

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16
Q

Define endothermic

A

The system takes in heat

17
Q

Define exergonic

A

The system gives out energy

18
Q

Define endergonic

A

The system takes in energy

19
Q

What is the sign convention?

A

Energy taken in by the system is positive

Energy given out is negative

20
Q

What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

A

There is a unique scale of temperature

Measured in Kelvin (K)

At 0K, the energy of a particle is 0

If body A is in thermal equilibrium with body B, and B with C, then A is also in thermal equilibrium with C

21
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

The energy of an isolated system is constant

Energy cannot be created not destroyed, only transferred

22
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

When two systems are brought into thermal contact, heat flows spontaneously from the one at the higher temperature to the one at the lower temperature

This process is determined by changes in entropy

Heat cannot be completely converted to work for a cyclic process but work can be spontaneously converted to heat

Spontaneous changes are always accompanied by a conversion of energy into a more disordered form

The entropy increases during any spontaneous change or process

23
Q

What is the third law of thermodynamics?

A

All perfect materials have the same entropy at absolute 0

You can’t win, you can only break even

You can only break even when it is very cold

It never gets that cold

24
Q

Define physical state

A

The condition of a sample of stuff in terms of physical form

25
Q

Define force

A

A body travels in a straight line at constant speed unless acted on by a force

26
Q

Define work

A

The product of force and distance

27
Q

Define pressure

A

Force per unit area

28
Q

Define temperature

A

Property that determines direction of energy flow

29
Q

Define volyme

A

The space occupied by a system

30
Q

Define energy

A

Capacity to do work

31
Q

Define mass

A

Amount of stuff, independent of identity

32
Q

Define molar mass

A

Mass per mole of substance

33
Q

Define RMM

A

Relative molecular mass is the atomic or molecular mas relative to carbon-12

34
Q

Define concentration

A

The amount of solute per unit volume of solution

35
Q

What is an extensive property

A

Dependent on amount e.g. mass, volume

36
Q

What is an intensive property?

A

Independent of amount

Thermodynamics and Kinetics (4 decks)

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