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Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the microorganisms? (Definition)

A

Found in every ecosystem and in close association with every type of multicellular organism

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2
Q

What is the importance of microorganisms?

A

1- they populate the healthy human body by the billions as benign passengers (normal flora)
2- As participants in bodily functions , for example bacteria play a role in the degradation of intestinal contents.

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3
Q

What is the microorganisms?( types)

A 
1-Bacteria 
2-fungi 
3-Protozoa 
4-Helminths 
5-Viruses
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4
Q

What is the primary role of microorganisms?

A

Initiation and spread of human diseases

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5
Q

When microorganisms are characterised as pathogen?

A

When they production of toxic compound or direct infection

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6
Q

Most infectious diseases is initiated by ……….

A

Colonization

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7
Q

What is the colonization?

A

The establishment of proliferating microorganisms on the skin or mucous membrane

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8
Q

Diseases aren’t caused by microorganisms (major exception )..?

A

Are diseases caused by introduction of organisms directly into the bloodstream or internal organs.

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9
Q

Microbial colonization may result in ..?

A

1- Elimination of the microorganisms without affecting the host
2- Infection in which the organisms multiply and cause the host to react by making an immune or other type of response
3-A transient or polonged carrier state

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10
Q

Infectious diseases occur when…?!

A

Organism cause tissue damage and impairment of body function

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11
Q

What is the type of cell?

A

1- prokaryotic

2- Eukaryotic

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cell include …?

A

Bacteria

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13
Q

Eukaryotic cell includes…?

A

1- Fungi
2-Protozoa
3- Helminths
4-Human

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14
Q

What is the types of prokaryotic cells ?

A

1- Eubacteria ( included all bacteria of medical importance

2-Archeabacteria ( collection of evolutionary distinct organism.

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15
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in chromosome

A

Prokaryotic: usually single , circular
Eukaryotic: multiple

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16
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in nucleus

A

Prokaryotic: no nuclear envelope or nucleoli
Eukaryotic: membrane bound, nucleoli present

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17
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in membrane bound organelles

A

Prokaryotic: not present
Eukaryotic: present ( example, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in cell wall

A

Prokaryotic: usually present, may contain peptidoglycan
Eukaryotic: present in plant cell , no peptidoglycan

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19
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in plasma membrane

A

Prokaryotic: no carbohydrates , most lack sterol
Eukaryotic: sterol and carbohydrates present

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20
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in ribosome

A

Prokaryotic: 70s
Eukaryotic: 80s ( 70s in organelles)

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21
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in average size

A

Prokaryotic: 0.2-2 mm in diameter
Eukaryotic: 10-100 mm in diameter

22
Q

The type of chromosomes in this bacteria :
1-vibrios
2- borrellia

A

1- Vibrios : 2 circular chromosomes

2- Borrellia : liner chromosomes

23
Q

What is the types of eubacteria?

A

1- Typical bacteria

2- Atypical bacteria

24
Q

What distinguishes a typical bacteria?

A

Have a shapes that can be described as a rod , sphere , and corkscrew

25
What the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in the size ?
Prokaryotic cells smaller than eukaryotic
26
What the importance of rigid cell wall that surrounding the cell membrane?
Determines the shapes of organisms
27
What is the type of bacteria that don’t have a rigid cell wall ?
Mycoplasma
28
What is the importance in the cell wall of bacteria?
Determines whether the bacterium is classified as gram positive or gram negative
29
External cell wall in the bacteria may be ...?!
- Flagella - pili - capsule
30
Bacterial cell wall divided by...?
Binary fission
31
Many bacteria exchange genetic information carried on plasmids including...?
The information necessary for establishment of antibiotics resistance
32
What is the plasmids?
Small , specialized genetic elements capable of self-replication
33
What is the examples of Atypical bacteria?
Mycoplasma Chlamydia Rickettsia
34
What distinguishes Atypical bacteria?
Lack significant characteristics structural components or metabolic capabilities that separate them from the large group of typical bacteria
35
What is the name of polymer that found in the cell wall and have a importance in the study it ?
Peptidoglycan
36
What is the fungi?
Nonphotosynthetic ,saprophytic and eukaryotic organisms
37
The shape of fungi?
Some fungi are filamentous and are commonly called molds
38
Yeasts are ?
Unicellular
39
Reproduction in fungi ?
Asexual , sexual, or both
40
All fungi produce......?
Spores
41
Pathogenic fungi can cause diseases ( types)?
- Running from skin infection to serious ( superficial mycoses) - Systematic infection ( deep mycoses)
42
What is the protozoa?
Single-celled, nonphotosynthetic , and eukaryotic organisms that come in various shapes and sizes
43
Where the protozoa live ?
Many protozoa are free living, but others are among the most clinically important parasites of human
44
Protozoa infect...?!
All major tissues and organs of the body
45
Infection by protozoa can be ...?!
Intracellular parasites or Extracellular parasites
46
What is the helminths ?
Group of worms that live as parasites , they are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms with complex body organization
47
Helminths divided into 3 main groups, what is ?
1- Tapeworms ( cestodes) 2- Flukes ( trematodes) 3- Roundworms ( nematodes)
48
How the helminths receiving nutrients?
Helminths are parasitic receiving nutrients by ingestive or absorbing digestive contents or ingestive or absorbing body fluid or tissues
49
What is the viruses?
Are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have a cellular structure
50
The viruses consist of ?
Molecules of DNA ( DNA virus) or RNA ( RNA virus ) but not both , surrounding by protein coat

Microbiology (5 decks)

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