Introduction Flashcards
What were the main industrial growth hubs in Russia, in the 1890s?
Baku on the Caspian Sea (oil), eastern Ukraine (coal, iron, and steel), Moscow (textiles and engineering).
How much did total industrial output increase in Nicholas II’s first ten years as Tsar?
It doubled.
How much did the populations of St Petersburg and Moscow increase, in the 1890s?
By 25 percent.
Who were most of the new city-dwellers?
Industrial workers.
In the 1890s, disaffected urban workers increasing resorted to…
strike action.
What did the Russian Penal code do?
Made strikes and trade unions illegal.
When and where were the highest-profile individual stoppages in the 1890s? And, who initiated them?
In 1896 and 1897, in St Petersburg. They were initiated by textile workers.
Where, in the early 1900s, saw outbreaks of serious peasant rioting?
The fertile ‘Black Earth’ region in southern European Russia.
As a result of the looting, burning, and violence that took place in the ‘Black Earth’ region, what did the government do as punishment?
They made the peasantry pay for its industrialisation programme by imposing higher taxes on basic consumer items such as alcohol, sugar, tea, heating oil and matches.
What did some government officials fear about the new tax impositions on the peasantry?
They feared that it would squeeze on an already hard pressured peasantry which would lead to trouble
Which Tsar was assassinated in 1881, and by who?
Tsar Alexander II in 1881 by the ‘People’s Will’ terrorist organisation
What was followed by the assassination of the Tsar in 1881?
A ferocious government crackdown on radicals and agitators.
What began to happen with opponents to Tsarist in the 1890s?
They began to regroup and re-organise, because they were scattered and driven underground.
When as the Bund, a Jewish socialist party, established?
1897.
When was the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) established?
1898.
