Introduction

Question 1

what is a cell?

Answer 1

vehicle for hereditary information

Question 2

where is hereditary information stored?

Answer 2

in form of double stranded DBA molecules

Question 3

what are DNA molecules made of?

Answer 3

long polymers formed from 4 nucleotides

Question 4

what is the building block of DNA? What is it made of?

Answer 4

nucleotide = sugar phosphate attached to a base

Question 5

what is DNA synthesized from? (2 things)

Answer 5

(1) preexisting DNA via complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds and
(2) creation of phosphodiester bonds or polymerization

Question 6

which bases bond to each other? how are they bound?

Answer 6

base A to base T
base G to base C

hydrogen bonds

Question 7

how is information expressed?

Answer 7

info expressed by transcription of RNA and later often through translation of RNA

Question 8

what does RNA stand for? what is it and how does it form?

Answer 8

ribonucleic acids

polymer formed from covalently linked ribonucleotide monomers

Question 9

what is mRNA

Answer 9

messenger RNA

RNA molecule that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein

made by RNA polymerase as a complementary copy of DNA

translated into protein in process catalyzed by ribosomes