Introduction

Question 1

Living matter is characterized by

Answer 1

high complexity and organization
extraction, transformation, and systematic use of energy to create and maintain structures and work
interactions of individual components are dynamic and coordinated
ability to sense and respond to changes in surroundings
a capacity for fairly precise self-replication while allowing enough change for evolution

Question 2

three domains of life

Answer 2

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

Question 3

biochemistry looks at the chemistry behindd

Answer 3

accelerating reactions (enzymes)
organization of metabolism and signaling
storage and transfer of information (DNA and RNA)

Question 4

why can Carbon form so many bonds?

Answer 4

it’s hybridization can from sp3, sp2, and sp bonds

Question 5

how to get from simple elements to complex biomolecules?

Answer 5

DNA stores info, mRNA and tRNA translate info to amino acids and peptide chains eventually forming whole proteins/macromolecules. All comes from 4 nucleotides

Question 6

what does chirality provide?

Answer 6

specificity

Question 7

go over the types of isomers

Answer 7

geometric isomers (constitutional): have different physical and chemical properties due to different structural arrangements

stereoisomers: includes diastereomers and enantioners
diastereomers: cis/trans. different physical and check properties
enantiomers: mirror images. identical physical properties (except with polarized light) and react identically with achiral reagents

Question 8

how to speed reactions up?

Answer 8

higher temps (not good for bio)
higher conc. of reactants (ok for bio)
change reaction by coupling to a fast one (universally used)
lower activation barrier by catalysis (universally used)