Introduction

Question 1

Eugenics

Answer 1

aims to improve the genetic quality of the human population throuogh selective breeding

Question 2

Anthropology

Answer 2

cross cultural differences explained by innate differences

Question 3

Cultural relativity

Answer 3

people’s behavior needs to be understood in terms of their culture

Question 4

Ethology

Answer 4

explain animal behavior with the help of Darwin’s natural selection theory & adaptation

Question 5

Dynamic view

Answer 5

explanation of current form in terms of a historical sequence

Question 6

Static view

Answer 6

explanation of the current form of species

Question 7

Proximate view

Answer 7

how an individual organism’s structures function?

Question 8

Evolutionary view

Answer 8

Why a species evolved the structures it has?

Question 9

Ontogeny

Answer 9

developmental explanations for changes in individuals, from DNA to their current form

Question 10

Mechanism

Answer 10

mechanistic explanations for how an organism’s structures work

Question 11

Phylogeny

Answer 11

the history of the evolution of sequential changes in a species over many generations

Question 12

Adaptation

Answer 12

a specific trait that solves a reproductive or survival problem in the current environment

Question 13

Instinct

Answer 13

a series of predictable, genetically programmed, adaptive, species-specific behaviors for fixed action patterns, a precise stimulating signal is needed

Question 14

Behaviorism

Answer 14

every animal has the same general learning capacities

Question 15

Human ethology

Answer 15

cross-cultural comparison studies

Question 16

Sociobiology

Answer 16

the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior

Question 17

Heritable variation

Answer 17

individuals within any given population tend to differ from each other in terms of their physical appearance and behavioral reactions, these differences are passed on to their offspring

Question 18

Ability of overpopulation

Answer 18

every species has the ability to grow in number so large that it exceeds the biological carrying capacity of its containing natural ecological system

Question 19

The stability of populations

Answer 19

populations tend to maintain a relative stability in their number

Question 20

Natural selection

Answer 20

constant adaptation to the environment

Question 21

Adaptive

Answer 21

a feature or trait that facilitates one’s survival and or reproductive success

Question 22

Epigenetics

Answer 22

environmental effects changing your gene expressions

Question 23

Functional adaptation

Answer 23

due to the continuity of environmental pressures the trait remained adaptive

Question 24

Obsolete adaptation

Answer 24

due to changes in environmental pressures the trait is no longer adaptive

Question 25

Exaptation

Answer 25

a feature that performs a function but that was not produced by natueal selection for its current use

Question 26

Dysfunctional byproduct

Answer 26

it doesn’t increase the fitness and is not the product of natural selection

Question 27

Poligenetic nature

Answer 27

many of our features or traits are developed through the interactions of multiple genes

Question 28

Melodaptive

Answer 28

decreases an individuals chances of survival and or reproduction

Question 29

Stabilizing selection

Answer 29

purifying, gets rid of the extreme phenotypes in the populations, flavors the intermediate variants

Question 30

Direntional selection

Answer 30

an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotype

Question 31

Genetic drift

Answer 31

the allele frequency of the new population doesn’t resemble that of the original, bigger population

Question 32

The bottleneck effect

Answer 32

due to some changes in the environment the size of the population decreases dramatically

Question 33

The founder effect

Answer 33

a very small number of individuals from a larger population establish a new population