Introduction Flashcards
At what day does the zygote form
0-1
at what day does the morula form
2-3
At what day does the blastocyst form and implantation occur
5
at what stage in development do the cells become multipotent
day 30
what defines a stem cell
Single cell can self-renew under influence of signals in the NICHE (specific regions)
what can reprogramming be used for
Cell replacement therapy, Disease modelling,
Drug screening and
Modelling embryonic development
Adult stem cells driving self-renewal example
– epithelial cells in intestine constant turnover. Driven by cells in the intestinal crypt – at the base of the villi
what is Senescence
• age related decline in function
Senescence factors examples
DNA damage, reactive oxygen species
what is regeneration
ability of the fully developed organism to replace organs by growth/repatterning of existing tissue (various organisms)
what does the cell cycle consist of
Consists of 4 phases and a resting phase called G0
what is an oncogene
= a gene capable of transforming a normal cell into a tumour cell
what is a tumour suppressor
restrict proliferation
what is a Neuroblastoma
common solid tumour in infants and young children
Originates in an embryonic cell type called the neural crest which generates peripheral neurons
what do aggressive neuroblastomas express high levels of …
the transcription factor MYCN
what does ectopic overexpression of MYCN in normal neural crest cells gives rise to
neuroblastoma-like tumours
give an example of a tumour supressor, what is its functon
p53, normally, functions in DNA damage/repair, induces cell cycle arrest/apoptosis
what happens to Mice with mutations in p53
have higher incidence of tumours
