Introduction Flashcards
Name the four systemic disease to investigate in the potential surgical patient.
Diabetes,
Blood dyscrasias
Cardiac
Respiratory
Name the key physical examinations prior to sx.
Height Weight All Vitals DTR's CN's Ophthalmic
What are the two forms to be signed prior to sx?
Informed Consent
Authorization for sx
Name the two key post sx care instructions.
- Rest after sx for at least 2-3 hrs.
2. Dr. must check on pt. 24 hrs p surgery.
What is the first line of defense against secondary infection?
Establishment of a sterile field including you, instruments, and the patient.
How are sterile fields are accomplished through what three areas?
- Sterilization of equipment
- Patient stabilization
- Maintenance of the sterile field.
Name four methods of instrument sterilization.
- Steam Autoclave
- Gas Autoclave
- Dry sterilization
- Cold sterilization
Only the gloved hands of the surgeon may contact the the area surrounding the Mayo stand. T/F
True
The local anesthetic is applied prior to shaving the hair from the skin. T/F
True
Name the body part where the hair is not removed.
Eyebrows
Name the patient sterilization procedure in order. (4)
- Clean with green soap and H2O
- Scrub >5x with effective antiseptic (ie Bentadyne)
- Final step is to disinfect the skin with tincture of Merthiolate on cotton tip applicators (3), starting at the site and moving outward.
- Apply a sterile drape
________ is the act of tearing, torn ragged, mangled wound
Laceration
Define Laceration
the act of tearing, torn ragged, mangled wound
_______ means not malignant, not recurrent, favorable for recovery.
Benign
________ means to cut off.
Excise
_________ means to cut into.
Incise
_______ means to probe deep with a blunt instrument.
Sound
_______ means to clean away damaged or necrotic tissue.
Debride
_______ inhibits growth/development of microorganisms without necessarily destroying them.
Antiseptic
____________ primary affect is to bring about temporary loss of localized sensory nerve function.
Anesthetic
What is the number one complication to minor surgery?
PATIENTS ANXIETY LEVEL
These two things can be prescribed within our scope!
Antiseptic:
Anesthetic:
Which body type has the highest complication rate w/ minor sx?
Endomorph (short, heavy, large boned, lethargic, high BP–> slower to heal/greater risk factor)
What is the acceptable age range for minor sx?
15-65 yrs old
These patients are VERY HIGH RISK, healing time increased, poor healers, prone to sec. infection.
Diabetics
Describe types and risks for minor sx for people with Blood Dyscrasias.
higher-risk,
hemophilia, leukemia, simple anemia.
What is the special consideration for patient’s with Heart Problems?
May be taking blood thinners (coumadin/heparin), can determine disease from medications.
Respiratory Complaints include ______.
asthmatics, emphysema, COPD (decrease in oxygen uptake –> acidosis)
What are examples of nervous disorders to think about with minor sx?
manic depression, schizophrenia, neurotics, psychotics, epileptics
Elective surgery must be preceded by proper lab analysis. Which labs are required? (3)
1) clotting time*
2) CBC
3) UA
- Prothrombin time (PT)AKA INR is a blood test that measures how long it takes blood to clot. A prothrombin time test can be used to check for bleeding problems. PT is also used to check whether medicine to prevent blood clots is working.
Prothrombin time (PT)AKA as _____?
A PT test may also be called an INR test. INR (international normalized ratio) stands for a way of standardizing the results of prothrombin time tests, no matter the testing method. It lets your doctor understand results in the same way even when they come from different labs and different test methods. In some labs, only the INR is reported and the PT is not reported.
_________ is reported to eliminate 50% of post sx complications.
Patient education
The number one complication to minor sx is______?
Infection is number one complication to minor surgery
The first line of defense against post op infection is?
Establishment of a proper sterile field for you, your instruments and your patient.
The best way to sterilize equipment is to use _____.
an autoclave
What is best described by - bacteria and spores, boiling water under pressure, 13 min/120 degrees/750mmHG (14.5 PSI), dulls sharpness
Steam Autoclaving
What is best described by -not cost effective and too dangerous, ethylene oxide (deadly), bacteria and spores, does not dull
Gas Autoclaving