introduction

Question 1

1) . bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, etc. all living organisms inhabit earth with all their distinctive features, what do they have in common? (even the framework is different but the raw materials?)
2) .what stands out when chemical analysis of living and non living is carried out?

Answer 1

1) . all organisms are made up of same chemicals, i.e. same elements and compounds
2) .in living organisms, the relative abundance of carbon and hydrogen with respect to other elements is higher than in earth’s crust

Question 2

acid soluble

Answer 2

filtrate

Question 3

what is used for the chemical analysis of tissue?

Answer 3

trichloroacetic acid

Question 4

acid insoluble pool is the filtrate or retentate? contains?

Answer 4

retentate, contains proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids

Question 5

how to isolate and purify a compound?

Answer 5

extract the compounds and subject it to separation techniques.

Question 6

analytical techniques tell us what?

Answer 6

give us an idea of the molecular formula and probable structure of the compound.

Question 7

define biomolecules.

Answer 7

all carbon compounds that we get from living tissues

Question 8

ash technique is used for? describe it.

Answer 8

analysing the inorganic elements and compounds present in the living tissue. A small amount of living tissue (a leaf or a leaf, called wet weight, is weighed and dried. All the water evaporates. The remaining material gives dry weight. When this tissue is completely burnt, the carbon compounds are oxidised to gaseous forms like CO2 and water vapour, and removed leaving behind a remnant called ash. This ash contains many inorganic elements like calcium, magnesium, etc.

Question 9

acid insoluble

Answer 9

retentate

Question 10

which one of the macromolecules isnt a polymer? why is it included?

Answer 10

lipids, they were crushed formed insoluble spherical vesicles which aren’t able to pass through the slits

Question 11

cytoplasmic components and organelles constitute are classified into macro or micro?

Answer 11

macro cytoplasmic constituents and organelle are macromolecules while the rest of the cytoplasmic constituents are found in filtrate

Question 12

macromolecules weight range above 1,000 daltons.

Answer 12

macromolecules above 10,000 daltons

Question 13

secondary metabolites are formed in?

Answer 13

plants, fungi and microbes.

Question 14

most abundant chemical in living body? percentage?

Answer 14

water, 70-90%

Question 15

most abundant element in living body? percentage?

Answer 15

oxygen, 65%

Question 16

2 elements which reduce excitability of nerves and muscles?

Answer 16

calcium and magnesium

Question 17

mitochondrial element

Answer 17

manganese

Question 18

nitrogenase element

Answer 18

molybdenum

Question 19

ATP enzyme element

Answer 19

magnesium

Question 20

nitrogen fixation element

Answer 20

molybdenum

Question 21

cytochrome oxidase element

Answer 21

copper

Question 22

2 elements found in cytochromes

Answer 22

cupric and ferric

Question 23

manganese element is present in which organelle?

Answer 23

mitochondria

Question 24

magnesium is present in which enzyme

Answer 24

ATP enzymes

Question 25

molybdenum is present in which one of nature’s elemental cycle?

Answer 25

nitrogen cycle, nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase

Question 26

how is the proton concentration of cellular fluids maintained?

Answer 26

through a an acid-base buffer maintained with the help of dibasic phosphate and monobasic phosphate, both in cells and extracellular fluids.

Question 27

what is the concentration of cations inside the cell?

Answer 27

K > Na > Ca