Introduction Flashcards
What determines disease burden rankings?
mortality morbidity (YLDs = years lived with disability, hospital admissions, GP consultation rates, time of school or work) data may not extrapolate from one country to another
Statistics of respiratory disease in England?
affects 1/5 people
3rd biggest cause of death
hospital admissions risen at 3x rate of normal admissions (people admitted due to other diseases treated better, few admitted)
What can particularly affect lung disease?
winter pressures - respiratory disease admissions spike during winter
picks up in Sep for those with exacerbations of asthma, Jan/Feb rise of COPD/pneumonia related issues
What is the trouble with diagnosis of lung disease?
1/3 people with first admission not previously diagnosed
we are bad at diagnosing lung disease (spirometry)
What is bad about minimal spirometry testing?
small% of those with disease are actually diagnosed - few receive necessary treatment
over look burden of disease
money wasted
Respiratory mortality trends in males and females in EU?
Deaths higher in females than males
UK has much higher rates than rest of EU
Most common lung diseases?
asthma COPD bronchiectasis obstructive sleep apnoea sarcoidosis lung cancer IPF
Highest mortality rate?
lung cancer COPD pneumonia IPF asthma
Statistics of lung cancer?
largest cause of cancer death in UK, high prevalence, fatal (very poor 5 year survival)
kills more women in UK than breast cancer
less than 5% survive more than 10 years
86% preventable
Are things improving? Why?
1 to 2 year survival rates are improving prompt diagnosis better therapy tobacco control smoking less prevalent
Main categories of lung disease?
Infection
Pulmonary vascular disorder
Airway obstruction (localised/generalised)
Small lung disorder/restrictive disorders (within or outside lung)
What is the current ongoing epidemic?
mesothelioma
asbestos related malignancy of the lining of the lung
What is the significance of pulmonary emboli?
clots in the lung may complicate immobility and be fatal due to obstruction of pulmonary artery that reduces heart ability to deliver deoxygenated blood to gas exchange surfaces in the lung - no/reduced gas exchange
largest cause of maternal death associated with childbirth
What is the significance of obesity?
increases respiratory workload and respiratory dysfunction
associated with increased risk of asthma and sleep related breathing disorders
breathlessness by restricting size of lung
causes asthma
35% increase in diagnosis of…
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
median survival only 3 years from diagnosis
