Introduction

Question 1

Distillation Theory

Answer 1

• vapour liquid equilibrium

- sep of binry mixtures

Question 2

Distillation of spirits

Answer 2

• malt
• grain
• whiskies and brandies
• rum, cachaca and tequila
• vodka
• gin
• absinthe
• liquers
• mixology

Question 3

Scope?

Answer 3

flavour and mat
cooperage
blending
packaging
energy mgmt
co-products

Question 4

Distillation Theory

Answer 4

• widely used for sep of liq mixtures
• vapour phase introduction by addition of heat
• volatility ( reason why VP will have different comp) - this is when the liq mixture is partially vaporised

Question 5

Binary miexture

Answer 5

two org compounds A and B

Question 6

Types of Binary mixture

Answer 6

Ideal and non ideal

Question 7

Ideal

Answer 7

mixtures of similar non-polar hydrocarbons ( hexane - octane )

Question 8

Non- ideal

Answer 8

mixtures with marked differences in structure between components OR they have a significant amount of H-bonding ( et and h2o)

Question 9

Distilled beverages

Answer 9

h2o and c2h5oh mixtures of particular importance

non ideal system ( structure of mixture changes depedning on relative concentrations of the components)

also, there is significant h-bonding in this system.

Question 10

Azeotrope

Answer 10

mixture of 2 or more liquids with a bubble pt different to that of any pure component

Such mixtures - cannot be fully separated

1. bubble pt lower than the 2 , micture will vapourize and all comp will be in VP
2. bubble point higher than pure components ( achieving vapour will be difficult)

Question 11

Importance of azeotrop

Answer 11

sets a limit to distillate ethanol conc. that can be achieved when the ethanol in an eth-h2o mixture is concentrated by distillation.

significant in manufacturing because the conc in the spirit produced cant exceed the cocn at azeotropic pt.

Question 12

Congeners in distillate

Answer 12

distribution is a product of many factors like solubility of comp in water as the distillate progresses the abv of the dist drops and conversely the water content inc. This means that the profile may shift from alcohol soluable comp to water solauble comp

Possible to sep the components of an et-h20 azeotrope , but methods required are not friendly to the beverage industry.

Question 13

Methods of distillation

Answer 13

• continous single - stage not apt.

- beverage industry uses multi-stage ( batch/cont)