Introduction Flashcards
What % of the membrane is:
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids - 42%
Proteins - 55%
Carbohydrates - 3%
Where are Na+ the highest?
In the plasma and interstitial fluid (extracellular)
Where are Na+ the lowest?
Intercellular fluid
Where are K+ the highest?
Intercellular
Where are K+ the lowest?
In the plasma and interstitial fluid (extracellular)
Where are Cl- the highest/lowest?
Highest outside of the cell
Lowest inside
Where are PO4^2- the highest/lowest?
Highest inside of the cell (ATP)
Lowest outside of the cell
Where is HCO3- found?
What is it important for?
In the interstitial fluid, plasma and intracellular fluid
Important pH buffer
Which cells have higher Cl- INSIDE?
Chloride secreting cells in the upper airway epithelial cells
What molecules are transported across the membrane via diffusion?
Lipid soluble molecules
O2, CO2
What molecules are transported across the membrane via transport proteins?
Small molecules and ions
What molecules are transported across the membrane via endocytosis?
Large molecules
What is another name for carrier proteins?
Facilitated transport proteins
What are carriers driven by?
The electrochemical gradient
What are examples of a carrier?
Sodium glucose cotransporter
Ion channels
What are primary active transport proteins?
Pumps
eg. ATPases
ONLY work if ATP is present
What is an important feature about channels?
They are GATED
Which transport proteins facilitate ACTIVE transport?
PUMPS
Which transport proteins facilitate PASSIVE transport?
Carriers and channels
What is active transport?
AGAINST the electrochemical gradient
Channels DIRECTLY hydrolyse ATP to change confirmation of the protein
Requires energy through ATP hydrolysis
Substances bind on one side of the membrane and are released on the other side, as a result of conformational change
What is passive transport?
FOLLOWS the electrochemical gradient
Are INDIRECTLY reliant on the NA/K ATPase to set up the electrochemical gradient
So they are INDIRECTLY reliant on ATP
Secondary active transport proteins
When is ATPase active transport needed?
When there is NO electrochemical driving force or when need to go AGAINST the electrochemical driving force
What is the transport rate of ATPase active transport?
LOW turn-over