Introduction Flashcards
What is Pathophysiology?
Changes in the body as a result of disease
What is Health?
Physical, mental and social well being
What is Disease?
Deviation from the normal state of homostasis
Normal values are indicated by;
- Age
- gender
- genetics
- environment
- activity level
What is a Biopsy?
Excision of small amount of living tissue
What is a Autopsy?
Examination of the body and organs after DEATH
What is a diagnosis?
identification of a specific disease
Cause?
causative factors in a particular disease
Predisposing factors
tendices that promote development of a disease in an individual
Pathogensis
development of a disease
Acute Disease
Develops quickly, marked signs, short term
Chronic Disease
often milder, develops gradually, persists for a long time
Sub clinical state
pathological changes; no obvious manifestations
Latent state
no symptoms or clinical signs evident
Incubation Period
Time of exposure to microorganism and onset signs and symptoms
Pronominal Period
Early development of a diease; signs non specific or absent
Manifestations
signs and symptoms of a disease
Syndrome
collection of signs and symptoms; often effects more than one organ
Remissions
manifestations of the disease subside and are absent
Precipitating Factor
conditioning that triggers an acute episode
Complications
New secondary and additional problems
Therapy
treatment measures to promote recovery or slow progress of the disease
Sequelae
Unwanted outcomes of a primary conditions
Covalence
period of recovery
Prognosis
probability of recovery or for other outcomes
Rehabilitation
Maximizing function of diseased tissues
Incidence
Number of new cases in a given population
Prevelence
Total number of cases
Epidemology
Science of identifying the causative factors and tracking the pattern of occurrence of disease
Morbidity
indicates number of people with a disease within a group
Mortaility
Indicates the number of death resulting from a particular disease within a group
Epidemics
occur when a higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease occur within a given area
Pandemics
involve a higher number of cases in many regions of the globe
Occurrence of disease
Tracked by incidence and prevlence
Communicable Disease
Infections that can spread from one person to another
Metaplasia
Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Dysplasia
Cells vary in size and shape within tissue
Anaplasia
undifferentiated cells, with variable nuclear and cell structures
Neoplasia (Maligancy)
New growth … aka Tumor
Apotosis
Programmed cell death
Ischemia
Deficit in oxygen in the cells
Hypoxia
reduced oxygen in tissues
What causes cell damage?
- Microorganisms (Bacteria, virus)
- abnormal metabolites
- Nutritional deficits
- imbalance of fluid and electrolytes
Infarction
tissue that is deprived of oxygen
Gangrene
tissue that is invaded by bacteria
Liquefaction Necrosis
dead cells liquefy because of release of enzymes
Coagulative Necrosis
cell proteins are altered and denatured
Fat Necrosis
fatty tissues broken down into fatty acids
Causeous Necrosis
form of coagulation; thick, yellowish, “CHEESY” substance
