Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the UN definition of a child?

A

Every human being below the age of eighteen years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the age group of most paediatric patients in ARI?

A

Generally < 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main differences between children and adults?

A

Physical
Physiological
Psychological
Pathologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What centile on a growth chart is the average?

A

50th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Between what centiles on a growth chart are considered normal?

A

2nd-98th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you define a child as obese?

A

Using previous positions on growth charts, weight, height etc. - cannot use BMI alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the main physiological differences between children and adults?

A

Increased surface area:volume ratio
Higher % water content
Fewer metabolic reserves

-> children get cold, dehydrated and hypoglycaemic more easily than adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the typical presentation of ketotic hypoglycaemia?

A

6-7am hypoglycaemic episode
1-2 year old child
Skinny
Intercurrent illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What vaccinations are not given to infants due to inability of immune system to remember those particular infections?

A

MMR

Pneumococcal vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the immunity of newborns come from?

A

Mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can chickenpox be an indicator of a child’s immunity?

A

If chickenpox is cleared quickly/normally then indicates that immune system is functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the cardiovascular differences between children and adults?

A

Children have

  • faster pulse
  • higher respiratory rate
  • lower BP (until very shocked e.g. septic shock)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is important in determining whether development is normal?

A

Understanding range of normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cause/when are there psychological differences in children throughout development? What do these have implications for?

A

Terrible twos
Latent phase
Adolescence
Adverse childhood effects e.g. bullying, witnessing domestic abuse

All have implications for history taking and resilience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What conditions are seen in children and not in adults?

A 
Abdominal migraine
Bronchiolitis
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
Croup 
Enuresis
Febrile convulsion 
Glue ear
Intraventricular haemorrhage
Necrotising enterocolitis
Non-accidental injury 
Sudden unexplained death of infants 
Toddler's diarrhoea 
Vesico-ureteric reflux 
Viral induced wheeze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some chronic conditions with childhood onset?

A 
Asthma (COPD) 
Autism
Cerebral palsy 
Cystic fibrosis 
Gastroschisis
Hirschsprungs disease
Spina bifida
17
Q

What are the reasons for reduced child mortality?

A 
Obstetric care
Better housing 
Better nutrition 
Immunisation 
Antibiotics 
NHS (minor effect)
18
Q

What conditions has immunisation had an impact on?

A 
Measles
Diphtheria
Polio
Rotavirus
RSV
Chickenpox
19
Q

Who delivers child health?

A 
Emergency physicians 
Neonatologists
Community paediatricians
Orthopaedic surgeons
Medical paediatricians 
Paediatric surgeons 
General practice
20
Q

What percentage of acute presentations in paediatrics are aged < 2 years?

A

> 50%

21
Q

What percentage of outpatient presentations are aged < 2 years?

A

40%

22
Q

What percentage of outpatient presentations are aged > 10 years?

A

20%

23
Q

What is the typical acute presentation in paediatrics?

A 
< 2 years old
Respiratory 
Increasing referrals 
Mostly treated with watchful waiting 
No evidence of increasing severity
24
Q

What non-communicable diseases are associated with foetal origins?

A

Lower birthweight associated with increased non-communicable diseases;

  • hypertension
  • CHD/stroke
  • NIDDM
  • renal failure
  • asthma
25
Q

What post-natal factors are associated with non-communicable diseases?

A

Weight gain/nutrition

Adverse childhood experiences

26
Q

What are the common acute referrals to RACH?

A 
Acute LRTI 
Asthma 
Bronchiolitis
Croup 
Febrile convulsion
Fever with unknown cause 
Gastroenteritis
URTI
Vomiting 
Wheeze
27
Q

What are the common managements of acute admission to paediatrics?

A 
Nothing - watchful waiting
Antibiotics
Prednisolone 
Salbutamol
Dexamethasone 
Others

Paediatrics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions