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Geriatrics > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two prominent theories for aging?

A

Damage theory

Programmed death theory

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2
Q

What is the focus of damage theory?

A

Focus on environmental stress that occurs to cells

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3
Q

What are the three pieces of damage theory?

A

Oxidative stress - increase in amount of or damage from oxidate species in mitochondria or cyp450 functioning
Wear-and-tear - cells are working hard and get worn out
Telomere - cells have a finite number of replication before telomeres shorten, deeming them ineffective at cell division

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4
Q

What does programmed death theory focus on?

A

Aging has a biological clock

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5
Q

What are the pieces of programmed death thoery

A

Molecular theory - related to genetics being programmed at certain ages to signal cell death
System decline theory - neuroendocrine (HPA axis) and immune systems decline, they are less adaptive to stress and insults (infectious, cancerous)

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6
Q

What are the leading causes of death?

A 
Accidents
Alzheimer's 
Diabetes
Heart dz
HTN
Stroke
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7
Q

What is the different between frailty and dysfunction

A

To what degree is a senior able to function without assistance

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8
Q

What are the measurements of functionality?

A

Activities of Daily Life

Instumental Activities of Daily Life

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9
Q

What is ADL?

A

Self-care tasks such as personal hygiene, dressing/undressing, eating, toileting, ambulating, transferring from bed to chair

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10
Q

What is IADL?

A

Activities that allow an individual to live independently; such as light housework, preparing meals, taking medications, shopping for essential items, using the phone, and managing money

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11
Q

What ages are considered elderly?

A

65-84

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12
Q

What ages are considered very elderly?

A

85+

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13
Q

What is a geriatric syndrome

A

Costly and debilitating clinical problems common in geriatric patients which are not neatly categorized as specific disease states or is restricted to certain organ systems

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14
Q

What are common geriatric syndromes?

A 
Frailty
Incontinence
Delirium
Sleep disorders
Falls, dizziness, syncope
Pressure ulcers, elder mistreatment
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15
Q

What are the I’s of geriatrics?

A 
Immobility
Isolation
Incontinence
Infection
Inanition (malnutrition)
Impaction
Impaired senses
Instability
Intellectual impairment
Impotence
Immunodeficiency
Insomnia
Iatrogenesis
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16
Q

What are diseases that may have atypical disease presentations in older adults?

A 
MI
GI bleeds
HF
URTI
UTI
17
Q

What are the atypical presentations of MI in older adults?

A 
Weakness
Confusion
Syncope
Ab pain
Chest pain may be less common
18
Q

What are the atypical presentations of GI bleeds in older adults?

A

Altered mental status
Syncope
Hemodynamic instability
Ab pain may be less common

19
Q

What are the atypical presentations of HF in older adults?

A

Hypoxia, lethargy, restlessness, and confusions

Dyspnea may be less common

20
Q

What are the atypical presentations of URTI in older adults?

A 
Lethargy
Confusion
Anorexia
Decompensation
Fever, chills and cough may be less common
21
Q

What are the atypical presentations of UTI in older adults?

A 
Incontinence
Ab pain
N/V
Azotemia
Dyspnea, fever and flank pain may be less common
22
Q

What is the general idea for medication use in elderly populations?

A

Start low and go slow

23
Q

What are some types of medication related problems?

A 
Untreated indication
Drugs w/o indication
Over/under use
Improper drug selection
Subtherapeutic dose or OD
DDIs
Failure to receive or take medications
24
Q

What groups of elderly patients are at greatest risk of ADRs compared with other patients?

A

Age related biological and PK/PD changes
Multiple chronic diseases
Greater number of meds

25
Q

What is the PPCP and what does it consist of?

A 
Pharmacist Patient Care Process
Collect the data
Analyze the data
Make a plan
Execute the plan
Monitoring and Evaluating plan
26
Q

What are some behavioral strategies to improve medication administration?

A

Use a pill box
Put/take meds around routine
Use an app/calendar

Geriatrics (15 decks)

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