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Human Anatomy And Physiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Large structures
Easily observable
Can see with naked eye

A

Gross Anatomy

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2
Q

Structures cannot be seen with the naked eye

Structures can be viewed only wth a microscope

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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3
Q

Study of how the body and its parts work or function

A

Physiology

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4
Q

Structure determines what functions can occur

If structure changes, the function must also change

A

Relationship between anatomy and physiology

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5
Q

Levels of structural organization

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Cells
  3. Tissues
  4. Organs
  5. Organ systems
  6. Organisms
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6
Q

Forms the external body covering (skin)
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Helps regulate body temperature
Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

A

Integumentary system

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7
Q

Consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
Supports the body
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
Stores minerals

A

Skeletal system

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8
Q

Site of blood cell formation

A

Hematopoiesis

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9
Q

Skeletal muscles contract or shorten

Produces movement of bones

A

Muscular system

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10
Q

Fast acting control system
Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Responds to internal and external changes
Sends messages via nerve impulses to central nervous systems
Central nervous system activates effectors (muscles and glands)

A

Nervous system

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11
Q

Endocrine glands include: pituitary gland, thyroid and parathyroids, adrenal glands, thymus, pancreas, pineal gland, ovaries (females) and tested (males)

A

Endocrine system

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12
Q

Secretes regulatory hormones
•growth
•reproduction
•metabolism

A

Endocrine system

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13
Q

Includes heart and blood vessels
Heart pumps blood
Vessels transport blood to tissues

Transports materials via blood pumped by heart
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Wastes

A

Cardiovascular system

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14
Q

Includes the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Supplies blood with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory system

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15
Q

Includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory organs
Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient absorption into blood
Eliminates indigestible material as feces

A

Digestive system

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16
Q

Includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Maintains acid base balance
Regulates water and electrolytes

A

Urinary systems

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17
Q

For males, include the testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, and duct system
Testes produce sperm

For females, include ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
Ovaries produce eggs
Uterus provides site of development for fetus

A

Reproductive system

18
Q

Study of the shape and structure of the body

A

Anatomy

19
Q

Building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules

A

Atoms

20
Q

Smallest units of all living things

A

Cells

21
Q

Groups of similar cells that have a common function

A

Tissues

22
Q

Two or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body

A

Organ

23
Q

Group of organs the work together to accomplish a common purpose

A

Organ system

24
Q

Sum total of all structural levels working together

A

Organsim

25
Q

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

A

Human organ systems (11)

26
Q

Maintaining boundaries; movement; responsiveness; digestion; metabolism; excretion; reproduction; growth

A

Necessary life functions (8)

27
Q

Nutrients; oxygen; water; normal body temperature; atmospheric pressure

A

Survival Needs (5)

28
Q

Body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing

A

Homeostasis

29
Q

Includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals

A

Nutrients

30
Q

Essential for normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing

A

Atmospheric pressure

31
Q

Single substance accounting for over 60% of body weight

A

Water

32
Q

Required for the release of energy from foodstuffs

A

Oxygen

33
Q

Provides the basis for body fluids of all types

A

Water

34
Q

When too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional

A

Appropriate body temperature

35
Q

Sensor that monitors and responds to changes (stimuli) in the environment

A

Receptor

36
Q

Flow from receptor to control center

A

Afferent pathway

37
Q

Determines level (set point) at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes info it receives, then determines appropriate response or course of action

A

Control Center

38
Q

Provides means for control center’s response to stimulus

A

Effector

39
Q

Flow from control center to effector

A

Efferent Pathway

40
Q

Net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity (most homeostatic control mechanisms are neg.)

A

Negative Feedback mechanism

41
Q

Increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and push the variable farther from its original value - control infrequent, explosive events like blood clotting and childbirth

A

Positive Feedback Mechansim

Human Anatomy And Physiology (1 decks)

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