INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins produced by living cells that hastens chemical reactions in organic matter

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

They are measured in terms of their activity and not in terms of their absolute values

A

Enzymes

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3
Q

They frequently appear in the serum after cellular injury, degradation of cells or from storage areas

A

Enzymes

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4
Q

Nonprotein entities that must bind to particular enzymes before a reaction occurs

A

Cofactors

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5
Q

An organic compound(second substrates) increasing its concentration will increase the velocity of an enzymatic reaction

A

Coenzymes

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6
Q

It is essential to achieve absolute enzymatic activity

A

Coenzymes

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7
Q

Are inorganic ions which alters the spatial configuration of the enzyme for proper substrate binding

A

Activators

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8
Q

Are inorganic ions attached to a molecule

A

Metalloenzymes

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9
Q

Interferes with the reaction

A

Inhibitors

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10
Q

Physically binds to the active site of an enzyme

A

Competitive Inhibitor

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11
Q

Has the ability to alter the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km)

A

Competitive Inhibitor

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12
Q

It looks for areas other than the active site

A

Non-Competitive Inhibitor

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13
Q

This inhibitor binds to the enzyme-substrate (ES) complex

A

Uncompetitive Inhibitor

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14
Q

These are enzymes having the same catalytic reactions but slightly different molecular structures

A

Isoenzymes

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15
Q

Enzymes are active at what temperature?

A

25℃, 30℃, or 37℃

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16
Q

The optimum temperature for enzymatic activity

A

37℃

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17
Q

The rate of denaturation increases as the temperature increases, and is usually significant at what temperature

A

40℃ to 50℃

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18
Q

Range of temperature that may result to inactivation of enzymes

A

60-65℃

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19
Q

Most physiologic reactions occur at what pH?

A

pH range of 7 to 8

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20
Q

May denature an enzyme or influence its ionic state resulting in structural change or change in the charge of amino acid residue in the active site

A

Extreme pH level

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21
Q

Render enzymes reversibly inactive

A

Low temperatures (Refrigeration/Freezing)

22
Q

Denature proteins and should be avoided

A

Repeated freezing thawing

23
Q

Required temp for preservation of enzymes for longer period of time

A

-20℃

24
Q

Ideal storage temperature for substrate and coenzymes

A

2℃ to 8℃

25
Q

Ideal storage for LDH (LD4 and LD5)

A

Room temperature

26
Q

Mostly increases enzyme concentration

A

Hemolysis

27
Q

Decreases enzyme concentration

A

Lactescense or Milky specimen

28
Q

Part of the enzyme nomenclature that places the enzyme in its classifications

A

First digit

29
Q

Represents the subclass to which the enzyme is assigned

A

Second and Third digits

30
Q

Serial number that is specific to each enzyme

A

Final and fourth number/s

31
Q

Classification of enzyme that catalyze the removal or addition of electrons (redox reaction)

A

Oxidoreductases

32
Q

Enzyme classification that catalyze the transfer of a chemical group other than hydrogen from one substrate to another

A

Transferases

33
Q

Enzyme classification that catalyze hydrolysis or splitting of a bond by the addition of water (hydrolytic reactions)

A

Hydrolases

34
Q

Enzyme classification that catalyze removal of groups from substrates without hydrolysis. The product contains double bonds

A

Lyases

35
Q

Enzyme classification that catalyze the intramolecular arrangement of the Substrate compound

A

Isomerases

36
Q

Enzyme classification that catalyze the joining of two substrate molecules, coupled with breaking of pyrophosphate bond in ATP or similar compound

A

Ligases

37
Q

General property of enzyme that is a water-free cavity, where the substrate interacts with particular charged amino acid residues; a 3-dimensional protein structure

A

Active site

38
Q

A cavity other than the active site that may bind regulator molecules

A

Allosteric site

39
Q

When bound tightly to the enzyme, the coenzyme is called what?

A

Prosthetic group

40
Q

Apoenzyme + prosthetic group =

A

Holoenzyme

41
Q

Digestive enzymes in its inactive form originally secreted from the organ of production is called

A

Proenzyme or zymogen

42
Q

Theory that is based on the premise that the shape of the key (substrate) must fit into the lock (enzyme)

A

Emil Fisher’s Lock and Key Theory

43
Q

Theory based on the substrate binding to the active site of the enzyme

A

Kochland’s Induced Fit Theory

44
Q

An enzyme combines with only one substrate and catalyzes only one action

A

Absolute specificity

45
Q

Enzymes combine with all the substrates in a chemical group

A

Group Specificity

46
Q

Enzymes reacting with specific chemical bonds

A

Bond specificity

47
Q

The reaction rate depends only on enzyme concentration

A

Zero-order reaction

48
Q

The reaction rate is directly proportional to substrate concentration

A

First-order reaction

49
Q

A general method where the reactants are combined, reaction proceeds for a designated time, the reaction is stopped and measurement is made

A

Fixed-Time

50
Q

General method where multiple measurements of changed in absorbance are made during the reaction; it is preferred than fixed-time

A

Continuous monitoring/kinetic assay