Introduction

Question 1

Central tool of genetics

Answer 1

Mutations

Question 2

2 types of mutations + ex.

Answer 2

Natural (ex. Transposons)

Induced (ex. Radiation)

Question 3

2 fields that are linked to biological function

Answer 3

1. Genetics

2. Cell biology/Biochemistry

Question 4

What field links genetics and cell biology/biochemistry

Answer 4

Molecular biology

Question 5

2 approaches in genetics

Answer 5

Forward genetics and reverse genetics

Question 6

Working scheme of forward genetics

Answer 6

Cross Pheno A/Pheno B and study F1 and F2 generations

Question 7

Ultimate goal of forward genetics (and studying F1 and F2 generations)

Answer 7

Find gene(s) for a phenotype (on DNA level) in the genome (Identify gene)

Question 8

3 things forward genetics can help us identify

Answer 8

1. Dominant phenotype is which one
2. How many genes involved in phenotype
3. Gene/environment interactions

Question 9

Working scheme of reverse genetics

Answer 9

Working scheme of reverse genetics

Question 10

Ultimate goal of reverse genetics

Answer 10

Identify gene function

Question 11

Ways of causing mutations (5 ex)

Answer 11

Chemicals, radiations, gene editing, transposons, knock-out

Question 12

Why we say that genetics is an information science

Answer 12

Cause ‘’information is encoded’’ : DNA -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> Protein

Question 13

How DNA sequencing costs have varied with time

Answer 13

Cost per genome has decreased (of 100 000 times)

Question 14

What is a haplotype

Answer 14

Group of genes in an organism that were inherited from a single parent

Question 15

HapMap : What + goal

Answer 15

Haplotype map : Describe common patterns of human DNA sequence variation

Question 16

Outcome the HapMap project can lead to

Answer 16

Researches can use it to find major genes affecting : Health, Diseases and Responses to drugs and environmental factors

Question 17

What the HapMap project looks for in genomes

Answer 17

SNPs : Single-nucleotide polymorphisms -> 1 bp variations from a genome to another

Question 18

What can make study of SNPs interesting

Answer 18

Find regions in genome where they are found in higher frequencies and compare these regions between populations