Introduction Flashcards
Central tool of genetics
Mutations
2 types of mutations + ex.
Natural (ex. Transposons)
Induced (ex. Radiation)
2 fields that are linked to biological function
- Genetics
2. Cell biology/Biochemistry
What field links genetics and cell biology/biochemistry
Molecular biology
2 approaches in genetics
Forward genetics and reverse genetics
Working scheme of forward genetics
Cross Pheno A/Pheno B and study F1 and F2 generations
Ultimate goal of forward genetics (and studying F1 and F2 generations)
Find gene(s) for a phenotype (on DNA level) in the genome (Identify gene)
3 things forward genetics can help us identify
- Dominant phenotype is which one
- How many genes involved in phenotype
- Gene/environment interactions
Working scheme of reverse genetics
Working scheme of reverse genetics
Ultimate goal of reverse genetics
Identify gene function
Ways of causing mutations (5 ex)
Chemicals, radiations, gene editing, transposons, knock-out
Why we say that genetics is an information science
Cause ‘’information is encoded’’ : DNA -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> Protein
How DNA sequencing costs have varied with time
Cost per genome has decreased (of 100 000 times)
What is a haplotype
Group of genes in an organism that were inherited from a single parent
HapMap : What + goal
Haplotype map : Describe common patterns of human DNA sequence variation
Outcome the HapMap project can lead to
Researches can use it to find major genes affecting : Health, Diseases and Responses to drugs and environmental factors
What the HapMap project looks for in genomes
SNPs : Single-nucleotide polymorphisms -> 1 bp variations from a genome to another
What can make study of SNPs interesting
Find regions in genome where they are found in higher frequencies and compare these regions between populations
