Introduction

Question 1

The science which deals with structures of healthy body of animals and humans. The structure is revealed by naked eye observation and it is based on dissection.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Encompasses all those structures accessible by dissection and direct inspection

Answer 2

Gross Anatomy

Question 3

The study of the tissues of the body and how cells and tissue integrate to form organs

Answer 3

Microanatomy

Question 4

The science which deals with ontogenetic development

Answer 4

Embryology

Question 5

List the 3 branches of histology

Answer 5

1) Cytology (deals with the structure and function of the cell)
2) General Histology (deals with structure of tissues)
3) Special Histology (deals with microscopic structure of organs)

Question 6

What are the two interacting components that make up tissues?

Answer 6

1) Cells

2) Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 7

What microscope allows observation of LIVING non-stained structures?

Answer 7

Phase contrast microscopy

Question 8

List some advantages of LM

Answer 8

• relatively inexpensive
• provides rapid diagnosis
• allows observation of living specimens

Question 9

List some disadvantages of LM

Answer 9

• image is 2-D
• resolving power is limited by the wavelength of light
• requires maintenance
• requires expertise for proper diagnoses

Question 10

What type of microscope could you use to view a 3-D image such as an embryo?

Answer 10

Stereomicroscope aka Dissecting microscope

Question 11

List some advantages of dissecting scopes

Answer 11

• relatively inexpensive
• practical/versatile
• 3-D image
• can be used in microsurgery and with other types of specimens

Question 12

List some disadvantages of dissecting scopes

Answer 12

• low resolving power

- needs to be maintained

Question 13

What are the two types of electron microscopy?

Answer 13

1) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

2) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Question 14

List some advantages of TEM

Answer 14

• Great resolving power

- very useful for rapid diagnosis of viruses and other microscopic organisms

Question 15

List some disadvantanges of TEM

Answer 15

• Image is 2-D
• Image is Black&White
• Cannot be used in living object
• Very expensive

Question 16

What specific conditions must a specimen meet in order to be observed under the common Bright field light microscope (LM) and/or TEM?

Answer 16

1) must be well preserved=retain structure and molecular composition
2) be sufficiently thin to allow light transmission
3) have enough contrast to observe details

Question 17

What are the steps in the tissue processing for observation in a microscope?

Answer 17

F (fat)- fixation
D (dogs)- dehydration
C (can)- clearing
I (indeed)-infiltration
E (eat)- embedding

Question 18

What substance is used during fixation?

Answer 18

10% buffered formalin

Question 19

What is used to cut tissues for slides?

Answer 19

Microtome (cuts 1-7 micrometers thick)