Introduction

Question 1

functions of the Vertebral column?

Answer 1

1. flexible central column of the body, permits movement.
2. supports the weight
3. suspends the upper extremity
4. protects the spinal cord
5. maintain an upright posture from the body shape
6. transfer weiht of head, upper ext, and viscera through pelvis to lower ext.
7. stabilizes the body
8. absorbs forces that are placed on the body.

Question 2

function of C1 and C2?

Answer 2

specialized to support the head and permit movement

Question 3

thorax=?

Answer 3

column= neck

Question 4

What are the thoracic vertebrae articulating with?

Answer 4

12 thoracic vertebrae articulate with the 12 pair of ribs.

Question 5

Function of the sacrum?

Answer 5

transfer weight of trunk to pelvic girdle and lower extremity

Question 6

describe the structure of the coccyx?

Answer 6

vestigial structure that is poorly developed and is small. A single element of the coccyx is formed from 3-5 fused elements.

Question 7

Describe the curves of lordotic and kyphotic?

Answer 7

Lordotic= concavity directed posterior
kyphotic= concavity directed anterior

Question 8

Describe Primary curves?

Answer 8

@ birth, retain general characteristics through out life. Thoracic and sacral are both kyphotic

Question 9

Describe secondary curves?

Answer 9

After birth, becomes lordotic (cervical and lumbar) from muscular activity.
Cervical = from lifting head- 1st to appear
lumbar= from sitting, crawling and walking.

Question 10

describe scoliotic?

Answer 10

later curves, named according to the side of convexity that it faces. (ex left or right).
compensatory to the common asymmetries in leg length, sacral development, os coxae development and muscle tone.

Question 11

Function of spinal curves?

Answer 11

1. compensate for upright posture
2. absorb forces that are placed on the spine
3. compensate for asymmetrical structure and function.

Question 12

The abnormal curves:

1. osis?
2. kyphosis
3. lordosis
4. scoliosis
5. scoliosis
6. straight or military spine

Answer 12

1. disease or abnormal condition
2. excessive kyphotic curves
3. excessive lodosis curves
4. excessive scoliotic curves
5. little or no curvatures

Question 13

A typical vertebrae has a body that is the largest part. what is the function of having a large body?

Answer 13

It’s the major central pill that functions to support most of the weight.

Question 14

Describe the vertebral arch in a typical vertebrae?

Answer 14

horseshoe shaped, 2 pedicles, 2 laminae, and 7 processes

Question 15

Name the 7 processes found ay the vertebral arch of a typical vertebrae?

Answer 15

1 spinous process, 2 transverse processes, 2 superior articular processes, 2 inferior articular processes,

Question 16

The SAP articulates with the IAP to form?

Answer 16

zygapophyseal joint.

Question 17

Where is the pars interarticularis found?

Answer 17

SAP and IAP on 1 side of the vertebrae, it helps connect the 2 between the articular processes.

Question 18

Describe the vertebral foremen?

Answer 18

between the body and vertebral arch. Forms the vertebral canal.

Question 19

In a typical vertebrae there is a vertebral notch. describe?

Answer 19

SVN: superior part of pedicle
IVN: inferior part of pedicle.

Question 20

Describe the intervertebral foramen (IVF)?

Answer 20

formed by adjacent vertebral notches (superior and inferior), it is the opening btween adjacent vertebral segments that connects into vertebral canals.

Question 21

The occiput has the foramen magnum which is the central structure that continues inferiorly with the vertebral canal that then extends to vertebral column. What is found in the foremen magnum?

Answer 21

1. spinal cord- brainstem transition b/t cranial and spinal meninges
2. meninges- durra matter that anchored to margin of foremen.
3. vertebral arteries

Question 22

Name the 3 parts that are based on the relationship with the foremen magnum?

Answer 22

1. basilar part- anterior to FM
2. condylar part- lateral to FM (occipital condyles and jugular process)
3. squamous part - posterior to FM

Question 23

Describe the articular facets that are found on the occipital condyles?

What ligament is found on the tubercle of the occipital condyles?

Answer 23

smooth, elongated and slightly convex surface articulate with concave superior articular surfaces of C1.

alar ligament or alar tubercle.

Question 24

The nuchal lines is a flat/ squamous portion attaches to the EOP and to the median nuchal line (nuchal ligament). Describe the structures that are superior and inferior to the nuchal lines?

Answer 24

inferior- rectus cap post major/minor, and ob cap sup.

superior- SCM, splenius cap attachment.

Question 25

Describe the jugular and paramastoid processes?

Answer 25

JP lateral to occipital condyle and posterior to jugular foreamen.
Paramastoid process is on the jugular process.