Introduction Flashcards
Summary Judgment
A request for prompt and expeditious disposition of a controversy without a trail.
Depositions
Oral or written testimony of witnesses taken under oath outside the courtroom.
Method of Tenacity
First way of obtaining knowledge.
Where people hold firmly to their beliefs about others because they “know” them to be true and correct, simply because they have always believed and known them to be true and correct.
Methods of Authority
Second way of obtaining knowledge.
People believe something because individuals and institutions in authority proclaim it to be so.
a priori Method
Third way of obtaining knowledge.
Evidence is believed correct because “it only stands to reason” and logical deduction.
Method of science
Fourth way of obtaining knowledge.
The testing of a statement or set of statements through observations and systematic research.
Meta-Analysis
A statistical method for summarizing the results of many different studies focusing on a specific question or issue.
Validity
“Are we measuring what we claim to be measuring”
Reliability
“Would we get the same results if we used different examiners or if we measured this next week”
External Validity (Ecological Validity)
The degree of generalizability research findings have to other populations and other situations.
“To what extent can we safely conclude that these results remain consistent across time, place, and persons?”
Internal Validity
The level of confidence we can place in the results obtained in a particular study.
Confounding Variable
An extraneous variable that interferes with or clouds the research findings.
Validating Evidence
It is the evidence or knowledge gained through careful, controlled research.
Procedural Evidence
Information that clinicians suspect to be correct based on their personal observations, assessments, and interpretations.
Forensic Psychologists
Clinicians who provide services directly to various aspects of the law.
Police Psychologists
Psychologists who work closely with law enforcement agencies.
Correctional Psychologists
Psychologists working in corrections.
Forensic Psychology
The professional application of psychological knowledge, concepts, and principles to civil and criminal justice systems.
Idiographic Approach
Emphasis on the intensive study of one individual.
Nomothetic Approach
Focusing on the search for general principles, relationships, and patterns by combining data from many individuals.
Adversarial Model
“The best way to arrive at truth is to have proponents of each side of an issue present evidence most favorable to their position.”
Ways of Knowledge
1: Method of Tenacity
2: Method of Authority
3: A Priori Method
4: Method of Science.
