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Bio 114 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Harvested after being dug up from the ground

A

Peat/Sphagnum moss

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2
Q

Found due to peat harvest

A

Tollund Man

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3
Q

Where is the Tollund Man found today?

A

Silkeborg museum, Denmark

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4
Q

Why was the Tollund Man preserved?

A

Acidic and anoxic conditions underground contributed to by the Sphagnum moss

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5
Q

Divided plants into two groups

A

August Wilhelm Eichler

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6
Q

Two groups provided by Eichler

A

Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae

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7
Q

Cryptogamae

A

Fungi, algae, ferns, bryophytes

Reproduce via spores

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8
Q

Phanerogamae

A

Usual plants

Reproduce via seeds

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9
Q

Current plant classification (3 groups)

A

Non-vascular plants, vascular cryptogams, spermatophytes

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10
Q

Non-vascular plants include

A

Bryophytes

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11
Q

Vascular cryptogams include ____________ which have ____________, but do not produce ___________.

A

Pteridophytes, vascular tissues, seeds

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12
Q

Spermatophytes include (2 groups)

A

Gymnosperms, angiosperms

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13
Q

Green plants

A

Chlorobionta

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14
Q

Apomorphies of green plants:

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Chlorophyll a and b present in chloroplasts
  3. Thylakoids in stacks (grana)
  4. True starch used as storage
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15
Q

Two sister groups that make up chlorobionta

A

Chlorophytes, streptophytes

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16
Q

Major apomorphy of streptophytes

A

Oogamy (gametes differentiated into eggs and sperm)

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17
Q

Differentiate the haplontic forms of reproduction:

A

Isogamy - undifferentiated gametes, same sizes

Oogamy - differentiated gametes, larger egg and motile sperm

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18
Q

Charales

A

Exhibits oogamy

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19
Q

Charophytes

A

More advanced group

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20
Q

Major apomorphy of charophytes

A

Presence of plasmodesmata (found at the primary wall and serves as connection for symplast transport)

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21
Q

Land plants

A

Embryophyta

22
Q

Land plants are defined by the presence of:

A
  1. Embryo
  2. Cuticle
  3. Parenchyma
23
Q

Embryophytes were first colonized during what period?

A

Silurian period (400 mya)

24
Q

Haplodiplontic life cycle is also known as

A

Alternation of generations

25
Q

Terminal portion of sporophyte is the _________/__________ with sporogenous tissue called ___________ that will undergo meiosis to produce _____________.

A

Sporangium/capsule, sporocyte, spores (haplontic)

26
Q

The gametophyte is produced by the

A

Mitosis of spores

27
Q

Female and male reproductive organs

A

Archegonium, antheridium

28
Q

Sperm is nonflagellate in

A

Conifers, gnetales, angiosperms

29
Q

First land plants

A

Bryophytes

30
Q

(T/F) Bryophytes are a monophyletic group

31
Q

Characteristics of bryophytes common to tracheophytes

A
  1. Embryo develops within a multicellular reproductive organ
  2. Spores covered with sporopollenin
  3. Flavonoids
  4. Chlorophyll a and b
  5. True starch as storage
  6. Spiral sperm bodies with two flagella
32
Q

200 cm bryophyte

A

Fontalis novae-angliae

33
Q

70 cm bryophyte

A

Dawsonia superba

34
Q

1 cm bryophyte

A

Ephemerum minutissimum

35
Q

Defining characteristics of bryophytes:

A
  1. Small, compact
  2. Slow growth
  3. No vascular tissues
  4. No lignin
  5. No well defined meristematic tissues (apical cell)
36
Q

Functional phloem located in the outer cortex

37
Q

Functional xylem located in the central cylinder, elongated cells

38
Q

Why are hydroids and leptoids not considered as xylem and phloem?

A

They do not have well defined cells such as tracheids, vessels, sieve tubes, companion cells, etc.

39
Q

Functional leaves of bryophytes

40
Q

Modified epidermal cells of bryophytes for anchorage

41
Q

Functional roots of bryophytes

42
Q

Differentiate hydration of vascular plants and bryophytes

A

Vascular plants - homoiohydric

Bryophytes - poikilohydric

43
Q

Homoiohydric vs. Poikilohydric

A

Homoiohydric - hydration and transport controlled internally

Poikilohydric - external environment controls hydration (capillarity)

44
Q

Dominant stage of bryophytes

A

Gametophytic

45
Q

Sterile sheath of cells that protect the gametangia

A

Jacket cells

46
Q

Example of liverwort with jacket cells

A

Marchantia

47
Q

Bladder moss

A

Physcomitrium pyriforme

48
Q

(T/F) Higher altitude = more bryophytes

A

True until 3,000-3,500 meters

49
Q

Species ___________ with elevation and are usually found in the __________ of leaves and trees.

A

Increase, crown

50
Q

Decaying vegetation used in Europe as fuel for cooking

Bio 114 (1 decks)

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