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PT Interventions II > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is a PT intervention?

A

Interaction between the PT and patient where the PT uses their skills and methods to cause changes in the patient’s condition that are consistent with the evaluation, diagnosis and prognosis.

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2
Q

What are the 3 PT intervention categories?

A
  • Coordination, communication, and documentation
  • Patient/client instruction
  • Direct interventions
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3
Q

What are some examples of direct interventions?

A
  • Wound care
  • Exercise prescription
  • Manual therapy
  • Modalities
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4
Q

What is a modality?

A
  • Considered to be an adjunct to physical therapy interventions but is not a complete intervention on it’s own. Modalites require other PT interventions like exercise to make their use effective.
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5
Q

What are the 4 types of thermal transfer mechanisms?

A
  • Conduction (ice/heat packs)
  • Convection (whirlpools)
  • Radiation (lasers)
  • Conversion (ultrasound)
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6
Q

What is conduction?

A
  • transfer of thermal energy via direct contact with the body.
  • Ice, heat, contrast baths, cold sprays
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7
Q

What is convection?

A
  • particles like air or water move around/across the body causing change in temperature
  • Cold/hot whirlpools
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8
Q

What is radiation?

A
  • transfer of heat from a warmer source to a colder one through a medium
  • Infrared lamps transfer heat through air to the body
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9
Q

What is conversion?

A
  • Conversion of one type of energy, like sound, to thermal energy
  • Ultrasound
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10
Q

Conduction Modality Advantages

A
  • Inexpensive
  • Easily accessible in and out of therapy setting
  • Easy to administer (no training required)
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11
Q

Conduction Modality Disadvantages

A
  • Can cause heat/ice burns

- May increase pain

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12
Q

Why is cryotherapy (cold) helpful?

A
  • Decreases metabolic rate
  • Promotes vasoconstriction
  • Reduces pain, muscles spasms, and spacticity
  • Decreases neuronal activity
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13
Q

T/F: Cold sprays reduce the temperature of the skin.

A

False - cold sprays give the sensation of cooling without reducing temperature; they do so by acting on the nerve endings.

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14
Q

Cold Therapy Indications

A
  • Acute and chronic pain
  • Acute swelling
  • Trigger points
  • Muscle spasms/guarding
  • Acute contusion
  • Acute ligament or muscle sprain
  • Bursitis
  • Tendonitis
  • Delayed onset muscle soreness
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15
Q

Cold Therapy Contraindications

A
  • Low circulation
  • Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
  • Hypersensitive to cold
  • Skin anesthesia (low sensation)
  • Open wounds/skin conditions (relative contraindication)
  • Infection
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16
Q

Why is heat therapy good?

A
  • Increases vasodilation
  • Increases metabolic rate
  • Reduces pain
  • Relaxes muscles/tendons/ligaments
  • Increases neuronal activity
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17
Q

Heat Therapy Indications

A
  • Sub-acute/Chronic pain/inflammation
  • Trigger points
  • Muscle guarding/spasms
  • Sub-acute muscle/ligament sprain
  • Sub-acute contusion
18
Q

Heat Therapy Contraindications

A
  • Impaired circulation
  • PVD (relative)
  • Skin anesthesia
  • Open wounds/skin infections (relative)
  • Acute musculoskeletal conditions
19
Q

Rules on how to use heat therapy

A
  • Do not apply for more than 20 minutes
  • Wrap hot pack in towels or other material
  • Do not lie on hot pack
  • People with BMI >25 may need heat for longer to penetrate deeper tissues
20
Q

Rules on how to use cold therapy

A
  • Do not apply for more than 20 minutes
  • Do not apply with pressure
  • Use for acute swelling/pain (best within first 24 hrs)
  • Patients with BMI >25 may need longer to penetrate deeper tissues
21
Q

Whirlpool Rules of Setup

A
  • Warm water 98-110 degree F
  • Cold water 50-60 degrees F
  • Needs to be cleaned regularly
22
Q

Contrast Bath

A
  • Move between hot and cold water baths
  • 1 minute of cold water for every 3 minutes of hot
  • Cold: 50-60 degrees; Warm: 98-110 degrees
  • Must exercise at the end
23
Q

What is contrast bath good for?

A
  • Sub-acute and gravity dependent swelling

- Causes vasodilation and constriction

24
Q

Paraffin Bath

A
  • Patient dips hand in hot wax multiple times and wraps limb in plastic to conserve heat
  • Provides 6x more heat than water bath
  • Wax temperature 126 degrees
25
Q

What is paraffin the best treatment for?

A
  • Chronic joint pain like arthritis, bursitis
  • Stiff muscles
  • Chronic skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis
26
Q

Paraffin Advantages

A
  • Inexpensive
  • Can be used at home
  • Same wax can be used multiple times
  • Softens skin
27
Q

Paraffin Disadvantages

A
  • Can cause burns, especially in patients w/ reduced senstion
  • Patient cannot touch bottom or sides of chamber
28
Q

Diathermy

A
  • Heat is produced from the infrared spectrum of light
  • Has acoustic and electromagnetic properties
  • Heat passes from a machine head into the body
29
Q

Factors Affecting Diathermy Penetration

A
  • Tissue density
  • Tissue absorption rate
  • Tissue interface
  • The angle of the machine head in relation to the body
  • Distance between the machine and body area
30
Q

Diathermy Uses

A
  • Pain reduction
  • Increase ROM
  • Increase healing response
31
Q

Diathermy Indications

A
  • Pain
  • Limited ROM
  • Contracture
  • Muscle weakness
  • Edema (chronic)
  • Skin wound healing
  • Poor circulation
32
Q

What type of diathermy waves are used in the clinic?

A
  • Shortwaves
  • Can be continuous or pulsed
  • Generate strong electromagnetic field
33
Q 
How deep does heat from a hot pack penetrate?
A. 0-1 cm
B. 1-2 cm
C. 2-3 cm
D. 4-5 cm
E. more than 5 cm
A

C. 2-3 cm

Most conduction/convection modalities reach this depth, i.e. cold packs, paraffin, whirlpool, cold spray, etc.

34
Q 
Which heat modality penetrates the farthest?
A. Moist heat packs
B. Paraffin
C. Whirlpools
D. None, they are all the same
A

D. they all penetrate 2-3 cm

35
Q

T/F: Paraffin baths are a convection therapy.

A

False - conduction

36
Q

Match the type of heat transfer mechanism (conduction, convection, radiation, conversion) to it’s proper modality (diathermy, lasers, ultrasound, hot/cold packs, whirlpools, cold spray).

A
  • Diathermy - conversion
  • Lasers - radiation
  • Ultrasound - conversion
  • Hot/cold packs - conduction
  • Whirlpools - convection
  • Cold sprays - conduction
37
Q

T/F: Fluidotherapy would be a good modality choice to use on a patient who has hypersensitivity and pain.

A

True, helps with pain relief and desensitization

38
Q

T/F: The effects of diathermy are just as good at treating chronic stage injuries as it is acute stage injuries.

A

False, more effective treating acute conditions

39
Q

If a patient has arterial insufficiency what is the MOST contraindicated modality?

A

Cryotherapy

40
Q

What is the most commonly used frequency for short wave diathermy?

A

27.12 MHz

PT Interventions II (4 decks)

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