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Quality Control > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Component of the sample that is being determined

A

Analyte

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2
Q

Is a tool that gives the assurance that a product conforms to standards and specifications through a system of inspection, analysis and action

A

Quality Control

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3
Q

Six broad areas of application of analytical chemistry

A 
Establish economic value
Determining health hazards
Diagnosis of diseases
Controlling quality 
Relating properties to composition or structure
Conducting research
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4
Q

Based on the number of analyte/s determined

A

Complete or Ultimate

Partial

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5
Q

Based on the amount of sample used in the analysis

A

Macro-analysis
Semi-micro analysis
Micro-analysis
Ultra-micro analysis

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7
Q

Establishes the relative amount of one or more species in the sample

A

Quantitative Analysis

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8
Q

Sample is 1-10mg

A

Micro-analysis

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9
Q

Amount of all of the constituents is determined

A

Complete or Ultimate

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11
Q

Sample is more than 0.1g

A

Macro-analysis

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12
Q

Sample is less than 1mg

A

Ultra-micro analysis

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13
Q

Based on the measurement of physical and chemical properties

A

Physico-chemical or Instrumental method

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14
Q

One or more, but not all of the constituents are determined

A

Partial

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16
Q

Involves measurement of the volume of solution that will react with the analyte

A

Volumetric or Titrimetic method

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17
Q

Based on the type of analyte determined

A

Elemental

Molecular

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18
Q

Based on the amount of analyte present

A

Macro/major

Trace analysis

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19
Q

Based on type of final measurement

A

Volumetric or Titrimetric method
Gravimetric method
Physico-chemical or Instrumental Method
Special methods of analysis

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20
Q

Sample is more than 10-100mg

A

Semi-micro analysis

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21
Q

Portions of a material of approximately same size carried thru same analytical procedure

A

Replicate sample

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22
Q

Indicates closeness of the measurement to its true or accepted value

A

Accuracy

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23
Q

Involves measurement of the weight of a substance of known identity

A

Gravimetric method

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24
Q

Analyte is present in low concentration

A

Trace analysis

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25
Q

Used to correct error due to contaminants

A

Blank determination

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26
Q

Expressed as degree of error (absolute error or relative error)

A

Accuracy

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28
Q

Degree of error

A

Absolute error

Relative error

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29
Q

Reveals the chemical identity of the species in the sample

A

Qualitative Analysis

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30
Q

Useful when a set of data contains an outlier

A

Median

31
Q

Reflected by precision of measurement

A

Random or indeterminate error

32
Q

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

A 
Selecting a method of analysis
Sampling
Preparing the laboratory sample
Defining replicate sample 
Dissolving the sample
Eliminating interferences 
Treating the sample and measuring the analyte
Calculating the amount and evaluating the results
35
Q

Process of determining the exact concentration of a solution

A

Standardization

36
Q

Cause data to be scattered more or less asymmetrically around a mean value

A

Random or indeterminate error

37
Q

Species that causes an error by enhancing/attenuating the quantity being measured

A

Interferences

38
Q

Caused by imperfections in the measuring devices and instabilities in power supplies

A

Instrument error

39
Q

All steps of the analysis are performed in the absence of the sample

A

Blank determination

40
Q

Described using standard deviation, variance and coefficient of variation

A

Precision

41
Q

Central values

A

Mean or Average

Median

43
Q

Types of standardization

A

Primary standardization

Secondary standardization

44
Q

Occurs occasionally, are often large and may cause a result to be either too high or too low

A

Gross error

45
Q

Analyte is present in high concentration

A

Macro/major

46
Q

Effect of systematic errors on analytical results

A

Constant errors

Proportional errors

47
Q

An ultra-pure compound in solid form used as standard

A

Primary standard

48
Q

Types of systematic error

A

Instrument error
Method error
Personal error

49
Q

Refers to the number of moles of solute present in one liter of solution

A

Molarity

51
Q

Process whereby a standard solution is made to react with a sample in solution in the presence of an indicator until the endpoint is reached

A

Titration

52
Q

Middle value in a set of data that has been arranged in order of size

A

Median

53
Q

Arise from non-ideal physical or chemical behavior of analytical systems

A

Method error

54
Q

Describes the reproducibility of measurements or the closeness of results that have been obtained in exactly the same way

A

Precision

56
Q

Components of titration

A

Analyte
Standard solution
Indicator

57
Q

Methods of concentration expression

A 
Molarity
Normality
Titer
Percentage strength
Parts per million
58
Q

Solution that is not necessarily pure, but whose exact concentration is known

A

Secondary standard

60
Q

Leads to outliers

A

Gross error

62
Q

Refers to the number of equivalents of solute in one liter of solution

A

Normality

63
Q

Substance that changes in color when passing from one medium to another or a reagent that changes color at a point when equivalent amounts of reacting substances have already reacted

A

Indicator

65
Q

Reagent whose exact concentration is known and that is used in volumetric anlaysis

A

Standard solution

66
Q

Two types of endpoint

A

Practical/experimental endpoint

Theoretical/Stoichiometric endpoint/Equivalence point

67
Q

Affects accuracy or results

A

Systematic or determinate error

68
Q

Properties of primary standard

A 
Chemically-pure
Chemically-stable
Easily prepared
Water-soluble
Reacts stoichiometrically with the sample
With fairly-high equivalent weight
69
Q

Substance being analyzed

A

Analyte

70
Q

Result from carelessness, inattention or personal limitations of. The analyst

A

Personal error

71
Q

Types of standard solution

A

Primary standard

Secondary standard

72
Q

Performed simultaneously with actual determination

A

Blank determination

73
Q

Types of error in experimental data

A

Random or indeterminate error
Systematic or determinate error
Gross error

74
Q

Quantity obtained by dividing the sum of replicate measurements by the number of measurements in the set

A

Mean or Average

77
Q

Causes the mean of a set of data to differ from theaccepted value, either all high or all low

A

Systematic or determinate error

81
Q

Branch of chemistry that involves separating, identifying and determining the relative amounts of the components in a sample matter

A

Analytical Chemistry

Quality Control (1 decks)

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