Introduction

Question 1

Approaches to Studying Neuroscience: Regional Neurobiology

Answer 1

the study of structure and function of the anatomic parts of the nervous system

Question 2

Approaches to Studying Neuroscience: Systems Neurobiology

Answer 2

the study of functional systems within the nervous system

Question 3

Methods of Study-Structural Analysis:Lesions

Answer 3

damage in NS region + subsequent loss in function –> correlates structure with function

Question 4

Methods of Study-Structural Analysis: Tracing

Answer 4

injecting visible molecule into the periphery which are taken up by local axons and transported to and fro from the cell body–> assess connections b/w nervous system regions

Question 5

Methods of Study-Structural Analysis: Cytochemistry/histochemistry

Answer 5

general cell staining–> demonstrates size and distribution of neurons

Question 6

Methods of Study-Structural Analysis: Immunocytochemistry

Answer 6

specific cell staining that utilizes antibodies to identify proteins–> demonstrates molecular distinctions of neurons

Question 7

Methods of Study-Structural Analysis: Genetic engineering

Answer 7

insertion of a gene that codes for some visualizable substance into a neurons genome

Question 8

Methods of Study-Structural Analysis: Brain imaging

Answer 8

Computerized Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)–>view brain structure

Question 9

Methods of Study-Functional Analysis: Single-Cell or Single Unit Electrophysiological Recording

Answer 9

Placement of a microelectrode into a neuron or region neurons to record action potential activity

Question 10

Methods of Study-Functional Analysis: Functional Brain Imaging

Answer 10

Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography, and Functional MRI–>view brain function based on local metabolism and to correlate structure with function

Question 11

Methods of Study-What is the use of analyzing complex behaviors with functional brain imaging during well-designed behaviors?

Answer 11

To facilitate the identification of brain networks devoted to specific complex functions

Question 12

Nerve Tissue

Answer 12

is composed of cells (neurons) that are specialized at conveying information and their support cells (glial)

Question 13

Nerve Tissue-What is the Neuron doctrine (1891)

Answer 13

individual neurons serve as the signaling elements of the nervous system

Question 14

Nerve Tissue-How many neurons are in the human body?

Answer 14

> 100 billion neurons that vary in size and shape

Question 15

Nerve Tissue-How do neurons receive, process, and transport signals?

Answer 15

Neurons utilize electrical and chemical mechanisms

Question 16

Nerve Tissue-What are electrical signals used for?

Answer 16

To convey information rapidly from one neuron to another

Question 17

Nerve Tissue-What are chemical signals used for?

Answer 17

To carry information between part of one neuron and part of a second neuron or effector cell (via synapse)

Question 18

Neurons-Why are neurons structured into regions?

Answer 18

So that organelles are distributed in a pattern that supports neuronal function

Question 19

Neurons-Regions: Cell body

Answer 19

Contains the nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm, but does NOT include cell processes