Introduction Flashcards
Reference
Symbols stand for things
Syntax
Rules for combining symbols
Intentionality
Used for purpose of communication
Phonetics and Phonology
*Sound system -Speech sounds and combinations of speech sounds -Speech sounds: phonemes and allophones
Lexicon
*Words stored in memory; mental dictionary -Phonological and orthographic patterns; meanings; syntactic form class; derivational morphology
Morphology
Minimal units of meaning
Syntax
Grammar
Morphology and Syntax
Combinations of morphemes and words to form grammatical sentences; inflectional morphology
Pragmatics
*Use of language in context
-Socially and conversationally appropriate language use; intention of speaker; previous knowledge
Sociolinguistics
*Study of language as a function of social and cultural context; social aspects of language
-Speaking styles, dialects
Literacy
*Reading and writing
-Orthography
Wild Children
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1800: Wild Boy of Aveyron
- Viktor
- Age 12, living alone in the woods
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Jean-Marc Itard
- Attempted unsuccessfully to teach French
- 1970: Genie
- Age 13, raised alone in a locked room
- Susan Curtiss
- Never achieved typical language proficiency
Chomsky
- What are the internal mental structures that create language?
- Language development provides critical evidence about mental structures
- Adults’ internal grammars are the natural product of what children are capable of learning
Language Socialization
Focuses on children’s language use in social contexts; an account of the social processes by which children come to use language
Social Approach
Focuses on the social-cognitive abilities relevant to language development
Biological Approach
Focuses on the genetic bases of the human language capacity and its disorders; a description of the structures and processes in the brain that serve language development
Developmental Systems Approach
Focuses on how genetically-based characteristics and environmental influences interact over time and across developmental domains to shape language outcomes.
Linguistic Approach
Focuses on children’s innate linguistic knowledge and how it interacts with experience.
- Universal Grammar (UG)
- Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
- Chomsky
Universal Grammar (UG)
Knowledge common to the grammars of all languages.
Domain-General Cognitive Approach
Focuses on domain-general learning capacities and the information in the input that those learning procedures use.
Dynamical systems approach
Focuses on the self-organizing processes that give rise to developmental changes and moment-to-moment variability in children’s language performance
Nativist
Genetic endowment
Empiricist
All knowledge comes from experience
Interactionist
Interaction of experience and genetic endowment
Continuity vs. Discontinuity
Children’s grammars are fundamentally similar to adults grammar vs Children’s grammars are built out of different elements than adult’s grammars
Formalism (chomskian)
- formal properties of language, such as the organization of phonemes and suntactic rules
- These elements are not connected to the communicative role of language
Functionalism
- Language as a communicative system
- All elements of language stem from larger communicative functions
Generativist theory
Universal grammar is innate
Social interactionist theory
Language is a social phenomenom
Usage based theory
