Introduction

Question 1

Reference

Answer 1

Symbols stand for things

Question 2

Syntax

Answer 2

Rules for combining symbols

Question 3

Intentionality

Answer 3

Used for purpose of communication

Question 4

Phonetics and Phonology

Answer 4

*Sound system -Speech sounds and combinations of speech sounds -Speech sounds: phonemes and allophones

Question 5

Lexicon

Answer 5

*Words stored in memory; mental dictionary -Phonological and orthographic patterns; meanings; syntactic form class; derivational morphology

Question 6

Morphology

Answer 6

Minimal units of meaning

Question 7

Syntax

Answer 7

Grammar

Question 8

Morphology and Syntax

Answer 8

Combinations of morphemes and words to form grammatical sentences; inflectional morphology

Question 9

Pragmatics

Answer 9

*Use of language in context

-Socially and conversationally appropriate language use; intention of speaker; previous knowledge

Question 10

Sociolinguistics

Answer 10

*Study of language as a function of social and cultural context; social aspects of language

-Speaking styles, dialects

Question 11

Literacy

Answer 11

*Reading and writing

-Orthography

Question 12

Wild Children

Answer 12

• 1800: Wild Boy of Aveyron
  
  • Viktor
  • Age 12, living alone in the woods
  • Jean-Marc Itard
    
    • Attempted unsuccessfully to teach French
• 1970: Genie
  
  • Age 13, raised alone in a locked room
  • Susan Curtiss
    
    • Never achieved typical language proficiency

Question 13

Chomsky

Answer 13

• What are the internal mental structures that create language?
• Language development provides critical evidence about mental structures
  
  • Adults’ internal grammars are the natural product of what children are capable of learning

Question 14

Language Socialization

Answer 14

Focuses on children’s language use in social contexts; an account of the social processes by which children come to use language

Question 15

Social Approach

Answer 15

Focuses on the social-cognitive abilities relevant to language development

Question 16

Biological Approach

Answer 16

Focuses on the genetic bases of the human language capacity and its disorders; a description of the structures and processes in the brain that serve language development

Question 17

Developmental Systems Approach

Answer 17

Focuses on how genetically-based characteristics and environmental influences interact over time and across developmental domains to shape language outcomes.

Question 18

Linguistic Approach

Answer 18

Focuses on children’s innate linguistic knowledge and how it interacts with experience.

• Universal Grammar (UG)
• Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
• Chomsky

Question 19

Universal Grammar (UG)

Answer 19

Knowledge common to the grammars of all languages.

Question 20

Domain-General Cognitive Approach

Answer 20

Focuses on domain-general learning capacities and the information in the input that those learning procedures use.

Question 21

Dynamical systems approach

Answer 21

Focuses on the self-organizing processes that give rise to developmental changes and moment-to-moment variability in children’s language performance

Question 22

Nativist

Answer 22

Genetic endowment

Question 23

Empiricist

Answer 23

All knowledge comes from experience

Question 24

Interactionist

Answer 24

Interaction of experience and genetic endowment

Question 25

Continuity vs. Discontinuity

Answer 25

Children’s grammars are fundamentally similar to adults grammar vs Children’s grammars are built out of different elements than adult’s grammars

Question 26

Formalism (chomskian)

Answer 26

• formal properties of language, such as the organization of phonemes and suntactic rules
• These elements are not connected to the communicative role of language

Question 27

Functionalism

Answer 27

• Language as a communicative system
• All elements of language stem from larger communicative functions

Question 28

Generativist theory

Answer 28

Universal grammar is innate

Question 29

Social interactionist theory

Answer 29

Language is a social phenomenom

Question 30

Usage based theory