Introduction Flashcards
Reference
Symbols stand for things
Syntax
Rules for combining symbols
Intentionality
Used for purpose of communication
Phonetics and Phonology
*Sound system -Speech sounds and combinations of speech sounds -Speech sounds: phonemes and allophones
Lexicon
*Words stored in memory; mental dictionary -Phonological and orthographic patterns; meanings; syntactic form class; derivational morphology
Morphology
Minimal units of meaning
Syntax
Grammar
Morphology and Syntax
Combinations of morphemes and words to form grammatical sentences; inflectional morphology
Pragmatics
*Use of language in context
-Socially and conversationally appropriate language use; intention of speaker; previous knowledge
Sociolinguistics
*Study of language as a function of social and cultural context; social aspects of language
-Speaking styles, dialects
Literacy
*Reading and writing
-Orthography
Wild Children
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1800: Wild Boy of Aveyron
- Viktor
- Age 12, living alone in the woods
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Jean-Marc Itard
- Attempted unsuccessfully to teach French
- 1970: Genie
- Age 13, raised alone in a locked room
- Susan Curtiss
- Never achieved typical language proficiency
Chomsky
- What are the internal mental structures that create language?
- Language development provides critical evidence about mental structures
- Adults’ internal grammars are the natural product of what children are capable of learning
Language Socialization
Focuses on children’s language use in social contexts; an account of the social processes by which children come to use language
Social Approach
Focuses on the social-cognitive abilities relevant to language development
Biological Approach
Focuses on the genetic bases of the human language capacity and its disorders; a description of the structures and processes in the brain that serve language development
Developmental Systems Approach
Focuses on how genetically-based characteristics and environmental influences interact over time and across developmental domains to shape language outcomes.
Linguistic Approach
Focuses on children’s innate linguistic knowledge and how it interacts with experience.
- Universal Grammar (UG)
- Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
- Chomsky
Universal Grammar (UG)
Knowledge common to the grammars of all languages.
Domain-General Cognitive Approach
Focuses on domain-general learning capacities and the information in the input that those learning procedures use.
Dynamical systems approach
Focuses on the self-organizing processes that give rise to developmental changes and moment-to-moment variability in children’s language performance
Nativist
Genetic endowment
Empiricist
All knowledge comes from experience
Interactionist
Interaction of experience and genetic endowment
