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Diagnostic Imaging > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What mandate discusses the use and ordering of images by PTs?

A

RC 13 from the house of delegates.

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2
Q

Order the typical pricing for an L-S MRI, radiograph and CT scan. What about order of radiation?

A

Radiograph < CT < MRI

MRI (0) < radiograph < CT

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3
Q

Radiodensity refers to the amount of radiation that is absorbed by material, metal being the highest, air the lowest. What is the term for increased or decreased opacity?

A 
Decreased = lucency
Increased = sclerosis
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4
Q

What types of injuries are plain flims (radiographs) best for?

A
  1. Fracture
  2. Bony alignment
  3. Arthritis
  4. Bone infection

ABCS
-Alignment, Bone, Cartilage, Soft tissue

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5
Q

How is the orientation of a plain film named?

A

By the direction it passes from point-of-entry to point-of-exit. Eg.Ventrodorsal goes in the chest and out the back, w/ pt on back.

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6
Q

What’s important to remember when examining alignment on radiograph?

A

Always check more than 1 view.

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7
Q

How do fx appear on radiograph?

A

Lucent line. Often seen best when examining cortical bone for consistency.

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8
Q

T/F: Acute stress fx does not appear on radiograph.

A

True

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9
Q

What are you looking for to identify normal bone density and cartilage?

A

BONE DENSITY
-normal tribecular structure, transitions

CARTILAGE

  • sub chondral space
  • smooth surface
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10
Q

Define heterotrophic ossification and myositis ossificans.

A

HO: formation of bone growth outside the skeleton
-caused by surgery or trauma to hips and legs

MO: HO of muscle
-trauma or hereditary

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11
Q

What is arthrography?

A

Air or contrast injected into joint

-assess internal structure

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12
Q

Does a bone scan detect pathology on its own?

A

No, a radiopharmaceutical needs to be injected; imaging 3-4 hours later.

  • meds concentrate in area of increased fxn.
  • METABOLIC ACTIVITY
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13
Q

What is a bone scan used to detect?

A
  • cancer
  • fx
  • infection
  • metabolic disease (Paget’s)
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14
Q

What is the benefit of a CT scan?

A

Shows tissue very well.

  • lung
  • bone
  • organs

Can enhance structures by changing greyscale

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15
Q

How are axial images oriented in CT? What about sagittal images?

A

AXIAL
As if the pt were supine and you were looking up from the feet.

SAGITTAL
-viewed from left to right

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16
Q

What is a CT scan useful for that xrays are not?

A

Cancer
CV disease
Internal trauma
MSK

Can scan people with metallic implants (no MRI)

17
Q

Where does MRI excel over CT?

A

Small soft tissue injury, such as intervertebral disks, shoulder and knee.
-no displaced fx

only axial

18
Q

A CT of which body part results in the most radiation?

A

Pelvis.

19
Q

A myelogram contains a contrast dye. Where is it injected to assess spinal cord and nerves?

A

Subarachnoid space (into CSF). Radiograph after.

20
Q

How does MRI work?

A

Strong magnetic field changes H+ orientation via radio frequency - relaxtion times.

21
Q

How many MRI sequences are typically used?

A

2-6.

22
Q

What is a T1 MRI good for?

A

Anatomy

  • fluids are dark
  • fat and bone bright
23
Q

What is a T2 MRI good for?

A

Inflammation

  • fluids are bright
  • fats are dark
24
Q

What type of imaging would you use for tendon, meniscus, ligament and cartilage?

A

Proton density imaging

-T1 and T2 properties

25
Q

What imaging detects an occult fx the best?

A

STIR

  • short tau inversion recovery
  • poor resolution
  • fluid-rich emphasis
26
Q

What structures appear in black for all MRI sequences?

A
  • ligaments
  • tendon
  • meniscus
  • labrum
27
Q

What are the viewing orientations of MRI?

A

As if you’re looking at the person in real life.

-sagittal images view left to right on both sides of body

28
Q

Describe Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI).

A

Eval morphology & behavior of muscle and soft tissue during task

29
Q

Name 5 things you can see / do with ultrasound ultrasound

A
  1. Ms length
  2. Ms volume
  3. Ms contraction time
  4. Ms tears
  5. Tissue deformation with contraction
30
Q

List a few benefits of ultrasound imaging

A
  • no radiation
  • cheap
  • portable
  • real time
31
Q

What is the relationship between frequency and depth in ultrasound imaging?

A

The deeper you go, the lower the frequency (mhz).

32
Q

What are the benefits to curvilinear vs linear transducers and what are their parameters?

A

CURVILINEAR: 3.5-5 Mhz
-deeper structures

LINEAR: 7.5-10 Mhz
-optimal for linear fractures (e.g. tendon)

33
Q

Is hyperechoic dark or bright?

A

Bright. Tendon, ligaments, labrum (fibrocartilage)

34
Q

Hypoechoic sees what best?

A

Muscle.

35
Q

What is the best imaging orientation for viewing tendon (hyperechoic)?

A

Longitudinally.

36
Q

How does cartilage appear in ultrasound imaging?

A

Hypoechoic

37
Q

When imaging nerves with ultrasound, they will be ___ while the surround tissue is ___.

A

Hypoechoic, hyperechoic

38
Q

How are longitudinal and transverse views done in ultrasound imaging?

A

LONGITUDINAL
-along the fibers, perpendicularly

TRANSVERSE
-rotate transducer 90*

Diagnostic Imaging (2 decks)

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