Introduction Flashcards
A _______________ is a formal and organized argument where the participants discuss a subject from two opposing sides.
Debate
Those who agree with a debate topic are on the ______________ side.
“Pro” / affirmative
Those who disagree with a debate topic are on the ______________ side.
“Con” / opposition
What is the main goal of a debate?
To persuade/convince the audience of their point of view using examples and evidence
True or false
A mediator decides the winner during formal debate tournaments
True
True or false
The informal debate continues until any one of the debate teams give up
True
What type of debate is this?
A two-on-two debate + a period between speeches where the opponent debaters ask questions to clarify and understand each other’s points of information.
Cross-examination debate
Advantage of cross-examination debate
Provides an opportunity to engage with the opponent
Which type of debate is this?
An open style one-on-one debate that focuses on arguing for or against a topic with pre-agreed on time limits and topics
Lincoln-Douglas Debate
Which debate type is inspired by the debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephan Douglas in the 1850s?
Lincoln-Douglas Debate
The main purpose of the Lincoln-Douglas debates is to ?
speak persuasively, clearly, and logically.
True or false
Lincoln-Douglas debates are very structured in nature and allows people to express their viewpoints openly
True
United States presidential debates are done in which style/type?
Lincoln-Douglas debates
Which type of debate is this?
Two debaters that argue on a particular topic after getting a short prep time
Spontaneous argumentation
Where is spontaneous argumentation debates often used?
In college and university classrooms
Purpose of spontaneous argumentation
Helps decreasing the anxiety of a speaker by building confidence
Since it does not require detailed research, the speaker focuses more on presentation and style rather than content
True or false
Spontaneous argumentation offers the debaters a LONG prep time
False
Short
Which type of debate is this?
An audience-friendly and a current events debate that includes two teams of debaters that argue on ongoing controversial topics; keep in mind, they’ll be prepared for both sides of the argument.
The debate consists of 8 speeches and 3 crossfires.
A coin toss determines the sides (Pro or Con) as well as which side gets to present their topic first. Each debate team is given 3 minutes to prepare the topic
Winner is decided by a judge
Public forum debate
True or false
In a public forum debate, debaters come prepared for BOTH sides of the argument, and the side they’re assigned to is determined by a coin toss.
True
True or false
Public forum debates consist of 5 speeches and 2 crossfires
False
8 speeches and 3 crossfires
True or false
In public forum debates, the debaters are given ONLY 3 minutes to prepare their topic.
True
Because they came prepared to argue any side of the topic.
What does the coin toss determine in public forum debates?
- Sides (pro or con)
- Which side presents their argument first
Which type of debate is this?
Two teams with two debaters each that give 6 speeches: 4 constructive speeches and 2 rebuttal speeches.
These type of debates are often used by decision-making bodies
Parliamentary debate
Parliamentary debates are similar to which other debate type? And why?
Spontaneous argumentation
Both do not require thorough research
The resolutions for parliamentary debates are decided how many minutes before a round of debate starts?
Only 10 minutes
Why are parliamentary debates referred to as “parliamentary”?
They are similar to the debates that occur in the British parliament
What type of debates are mainly used by decision-making bodies
Parliamentary debates
True or false
Actual parliamentary debates result in either passing or rejecting a law.
True
Why are debates important? List some of the benefits.
- Being thorough and accurate
- Analyze and distinguish between the vital and unimportant
- Proving/supporting statements with valid evidence and sound reasoning and demand the same from opp side.
- Present ideas in a clear and effective manner
- Thinking under pressure and making decisions quickly and accurately
- Convincing the listener that your side is desirable
What are the key elements of a debate?
(Hint: 6)
Opening statements
Rebuttals
Summary / Closing statements
Use of evidence
Logical reasoning
Rhetorical appeal
Name the key element for debate.
Opening statements
Name the key element for debate.
Rebuttals
Name the key element for debate.
Summary / closing statements.
Name the key element for debate.
Use of evidence
Name the key element for debate.
Logical reasoning
Name the key element for debate.
Rhetorical appeal
Establishing personal credentials and getting your audience to trust you.
A. Pathos
B. Ethos
C. Logos
B. Ethos
Inspiring an emotional response and getting your audience to feel.
A. Pathos
B. Ethos
C. Logos
A. Pathos
Arguing based on reason and facts and getting your audience to think
A. Pathos
B. Ethos
C. Logos
C. Logos.
Ethos means?
Ethics
Pathos means?
Pity
Logos means?
Logic
Why is thorough research important in preparing for a debate ?
It strengthens your argument by providing facts, numbers, and examples from reliable sources.
What types of sources should you use when gathering information for a debate?
Books, journals, reliable websites, and experts’ ideas
What should you do after gathering research for a debate ?
Structure your key points in a clear, logical manner, and allocate enough time to each
Just read.
Done
What are effective ways to start a debate speech?
Using an eye opening fact, a powerful quote, or a personal anecdote related to the topic
Why should you outline key areas of discussion at the beginning of your speech?
To give the audience a roadmap and help them follow your argument
What does the P – E – E format in argument structure stand for?
Point, Evidence, Explanation
Which part of the P-E-E is the following?
Begin by stating your main argument or reason. This is the central idea you want to convey in support of your position.
A. Point
B. Evidence
C. Explanation
A. Point
Which part of the P-E-E is the following?
Provide evidence, facts, or examples that support your point. This evidence should be reliable and back up what you’re saying.
A. Point
B. Evidence
C. Explanation
B. Evidence
Which part of the P-E-E is the following?
Explain how your evidence supports your point. Make it clear to your audience why this evidence is important and how it links to your argument.
A. Point
B. Evidence
C. Explanation
C. Explanation.
Why is using the P – E – E format important in debates?
It helps make your arguments clear, persuasive, and well-supported
A _______________ is a persuasive counter–argument that challenges the opposing side’s points.
Rebuttal
Why is addressing counter-arguments important in a debate?
It shows comprehensive understanding of the subject and strengthens your position, boosting your speech’s credibility
What are two effective ways to end a debate speech?
Summarizing key points with a call to action
Ending with a powerful quote or statement
What should a strong conclusion aim to do in a debate?
Reinforce your position and leave a lasting impression on the audience
Bonus question:
How does Dr. Anwar prefer ending a debate speech: call to action ? Or powerful quote/statement?
Call to action
