Introduction

Question 1

Define Heath

Answer 1

Health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but a state of complete physical, mental and social well being.

Question 2

Where is health possible?

Answer 2

Where the living and working environment is protected from pollutants ,pathogens, physical hazards and where resources are available.

Question 3

Define environment

Answer 3

All that which is external to an individual human host.
Can be divided into physical,biological,social cultural any or all of which can influence health status in populations.

Question 4

Define environmental health.

Answer 4

Branch of public health that focuses on the interactions between people and their environment,promoting human health and we’ll being.

Question 5

What does quality health depend on?

Answer 5

The environment

Question 6

Define environmental pollution

Answer 6

Introduction of harmful materials into the environment.

Question 7

List the types of pollution

Answer 7

*water
*air
*noise
*soil pollution

Question 8

Give an example of a natural pollutant.

Answer 8

Volcanic ash

Question 9

List the determinants of health

Answer 9

•personal lifestyle
•heredity
•environment

Question 10

List the types of diseases

Answer 10

•infectious diseases (can be non communicable or communicable)
•deficiency diseases (marasmus, kwashiorkor)
•physiological diseases (obesity,diabetes,asthma)
•genetici/inherited diseases (cancer,heart disease,diabetes)

Question 11

Give examples of anthropogenic pollutants

Answer 11

Runoff by factories

Question 12

Define Health Promotion

Answer 12

Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health

Question 13

How can health be promoted?

Answer 13

•through health education
•environmental modifications
•lifestyle and behavioral changes

Question 14

List the major environmental health issues

Answer 14

•pollution
•global warming
•natural resource depletion
•loss of biodiversity
•deforestation
•ozone layer depletion
•urban sprawl

Question 15

What are the effects of global warming and loss of biodiversity on health?

Answer 15

•infectious diseases
•heatwaves
•loss of agricultural productivity
•nutritional impact which can cause deficiency diseases

Question 16

What are the major issues in Zambia?

Answer 16

•deforestation
•endangered biodiversity (poaching)
•waste and disposal management
•overfishing
•climate change
•pollution
•land degradation

Question 17

List the environmental spheres

Answer 17

•geosphere
•biosphere
•hydrosphere
•atmosphere
•cryosphere

Question 18

What is included in the geosphere?

Answer 18

All the rocks, minerals and landforms on and below the Earth’s surface.

Question 19

What is involved in the biosphere?

Answer 19

All living organisms including plants, animals and microorganisms.

Question 20

What is involved in the cryosphere?

Answer 20

Includes all the frozen water on Earth such as glaciers and ice sheets.

Question 21

List the layers of the atmosphere

Answer 21

*ionosphere (aurora)
*mesosphere
*stratosphere
*troposphere

Question 22

List the health impacts of climate change.

Answer 22

•temperature related impacts
•flood related impacts
•storm related impacts
•drought related impacts

Question 23

List the temperature related impacts

Answer 23

•heat strokes (direct)
•hypathermia (direct)
•heat stress exhaustion (direct)
•respiratory diseases (indirect)
•skin burns,skin rashes/bleeding (direct)

Question 24

How is respiratory diseases a temperature related impact?

Answer 24

Increase in temperature leads to compromised air quality

Question 25

List the flood related impacts

Answer 25

1.Vector borne diseases (malaria,the water becomes breeding sites for mosquitoes) 2.Water-borne diseases 3.Food-borne diseases 4.Deficiency diseases

Question 26

How do food borne diseases cause flood related impacts?

Answer 26

Chemicals in water lead to contamination of fish. And humans end up eating the contaminated fish.

Question 27

List the storm related impacts

Answer 27

•Injuries resulting in severe bleeding which can also leave to death. •Mental health issues due to loss of life and loss of property. •Deficiency diseases

Question 28

List the drought related impacts of climate change

Answer 28

•Deficiency diseases.No water for crops to grow and no water for animals to drink. •Respiratory diseases(dry land).Dust particles enter the atmosphere. •Gastro-intenstinal illnesses/diarrhoeal diseases because low water levels have high concentration of pollutants.

Question 29

How do you reduce the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that is caused by deforestation?

Answer 29

•Practice agroforestry. (agriculture) •practice vertical spacing (infrastructure) •those who are into thermal production should get licenses. •afforestation and reforestation.

Question 30

The human body is a typical example of which system?

Answer 30

An open system because both matter and energy can enter and exit.

Question 31

What does environmental health involve?

Answer 31

Study and management of environmental factors that can potentially harm our health.

Question 32

Why do developed countries release more pollutants?

Answer 32

Due to industrialization

Question 33

Which countries suffer more from environmental pollution?

Answer 33

Developing countries

Question 34

Why do developed countries suffer less from environmental pollution?

Answer 34

Low exposure and high adaptive capacity

Question 35

Why do developing countries suffer the most from environmental pollution?

Answer 35

High exposure and low adaptive capacity

Question 36

Which vulnerable populations are affected by environmental pollution,

Answer 36

Children,the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions.

Question 37

Define environmental diseases

Answer 37

These are illnesses caused by factors in our surroundings rather than genetic factors or infections. These can include exposure to pollutants,chemicals, radiation and social factors like stress and racism.

Question 38

List some of the environmental diseases.

Answer 38

•respiratory diseases •cancers •lead poisoning •vector borne diseases •Skin diseases

Question 39

What are the measures to maintain a clean and safe environment?

Answer 39

•reduce,reuse,recycle •conserve water •choose sustainable transportation •support renewable energy •protect natural habitats •reduce chemical use •participate in environmental programs

Question 40

Give an example of a short term change

Answer 40

Weather patterns

Question 41

Define environmental health issues

Answer 41

These are problems that arise from the interaction between humans and the natural or built environment.

Question 42

What usually influences environmental health issues?

Answer 42

Social, economic and political factors such as poverty, inequality and poor governance.

Question 43

List the types of systems.

Answer 43

•closed system •open system •isolated system

Question 44

What are the possible solutions to environmental health issues?

Answer 44

•promoting clean energy •reducing greenhouse gas emissions •improving sanitation and hygiene •enforcing environmental regulations •raising public awareness

Question 45

Define an isolated system

Answer 45

Neither energy nor matter can enter or leave

Question 46

Describe a closed system

Answer 46

Only energy can enter and leave the system

Question 47

Describe an open system.

Answer 47

Both matter and energy can enter or leave the system.

Question 48

Define a system

Answer 48

An arrangement of things or phenomena which act or work together. An environment is a system which has different components (environmental spheres) working together

Question 49

Give an example of a medium term change

Answer 49

Seasons

Question 50

Give an example of a long term change.

Answer 50

Climate change

Question 51

How is the environment viewed?

Answer 51

Through the complementary approach and the trade off approach

Question 52

Discuss the complementary approach

Answer 52

Its about sustainability. It explains how you can make money and still protect the environment

Question 53

Discuss Trade off approach

Answer 53

States that the environment and economic growth are incompatible. Its about choosing one. Either you focus on making money and not sustain the environment. Or you focus on sustaining the environment and not making any money.

Question 54

What is the other name for trade off approach?

Answer 54

Environmentalism approach