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Bio14: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is comparative vertebrate anatomy?

A

The study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of vertebrates.

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2
Q

True or False: All vertebrates share a common ancestor.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a key feature in vertebrate evolution that allows for the development of complex structures.

A

notochord

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4
Q

What are the primary groups of vertebrates?

A

Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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5
Q

Which vertebrate group is characterized by the presence of feathers?

A

Birds

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6
Q

What is the significance of homologous structures in comparative anatomy?

A

They provide evidence for common ancestry among species.

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7
Q

Multiple choice: Which structure is not found in all vertebrates? A) Vertebral column B) Brain C) Lungs D) Notochord

A

C) Lungs

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8
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

The evolutionary history and relationships among species.

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9
Q

True or False: The study of phylogeny is unrelated to comparative anatomy.

A

False

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships.

A

phylogenetic tree

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11
Q

What type of vertebrate has a three-chambered heart?

A

Amphibians and most reptiles.

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12
Q

Multiple choice: What is the primary function of the vertebral column? A) Support B) Movement C) Protection D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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13
Q

What is the role of the notochord in vertebrate development?

A

It provides structural support and is a precursor to the vertebral column.

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14
Q

True or False: Mammals are the only vertebrates that give live birth.

A

False

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are the primary organs of respiration in fish.

A

Gills

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16
Q

What type of body symmetry do vertebrates exhibit?

A

Bilateral symmetry.

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17
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of all mammals? A) Laying eggs B) Hair or fur C) Gills D) Scales

A

B) Hair or fur

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18
Q

What are the two major types of bone in vertebrates?

A

Compact bone and spongy bone.

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19
Q

True or False: Amphibians undergo metamorphosis during their life cycle.

A

True

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are structures that evolve from a common ancestor but serve different functions.

A

Homologous structures

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21
Q

What is the main function of the circulatory system in vertebrates?

A

To transport nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.

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22
Q

Multiple choice: Which vertebrate group is primarily aquatic? A) Mammals B) Birds C) Fish D) Reptiles

A

C) Fish

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23
Q

What is the primary method of locomotion for most fish?

A

Swimming using fins.

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24
Q

True or False: All reptiles are ectothermic.

A

True

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a unique feature of birds that aids in flight.

A

hollow bones

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26
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm in mammals?

A

To assist in breathing by contracting and expanding the thoracic cavity.

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27
Q

Multiple choice: What structure is unique to mammals among vertebrates? A) Lungs B) Hair C) Heart D) Brain

A

B) Hair

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28
Q

What type of teeth do carnivorous mammals typically have?

A

Sharp, pointed teeth for tearing flesh.

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29
Q

True or False: Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system.

A

True

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which organisms develop different traits over time.

A

Evolution

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31
Q

What is the primary purpose of the integumentary system in vertebrates?

A

To protect the body from environmental damage.

32
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a characteristic of vertebrates? A) Presence of a backbone B) Bilateral symmetry C) Exoskeleton D) Closed circulatory system

A

C) Exoskeleton

33
Q

What is the significance of the amniotic egg in vertebrate evolution?

A

It allowed for reproduction in a terrestrial environment.

34
Q

True or False: Birds are considered reptiles in terms of evolutionary lineage.

A

True

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a group of vertebrates that includes sharks and rays.

A

chondrichthyes

36
Q

What is the primary function of the skeletal system in vertebrates?

A

To provide structure and support to the body.

37
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following vertebrates is most closely related to humans? A) Fish B) Frogs C) Chimpanzees D) Lizards

A

C) Chimpanzees

38
Q

What type of reproduction is most common in amphibians?

A

External fertilization.

39
Q

True or False: The forelimbs of bats and whales are examples of analogous structures.

A

False

40
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

A

Phylogeny

41
Q

What is the primary role of the nervous system in vertebrates?

A

To coordinate and control body functions and responses.

42
Q

Multiple choice: Which vertebrate group is known for having scales? A) Mammals B) Fish C) Birds D) Amphibians

A

B) Fish

43
Q

What is the significance of the forelimb structure in vertebrates?

A

It demonstrates adaptation to different environments and functions.

44
Q

True or False: All vertebrates have a liver.

A

True

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a structure that supports the body and protects the spinal cord.

A

vertebral column

46
Q

What type of symmetry do most larval forms of vertebrates exhibit?

A

Radial symmetry.

47
Q

Multiple choice: Which group of vertebrates typically undergoes metamorphosis? A) Fish B) Reptiles C) Amphibians D) Birds

A

C) Amphibians

48
Q

What is the primary function of fins in fish?

A

To aid in swimming and maneuvering.

49
Q

True or False: The heart structure of birds is more efficient than that of mammals.

A

False

50
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the classification system used to categorize living organisms.

A

Taxonomy

51
Q

What is the role of the integument in vertebrates?

A

To provide a barrier against pathogens and prevent water loss.

52
Q

Multiple choice: Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in mammals? A) Lungs B) Gills C) Skin D) Intestines

A

A) Lungs

53
Q

What is the evolutionary significance of the swim bladder in fish?

A

It allows for buoyancy control in water.

54
Q

True or False: All vertebrates have a cloaca.

A

False

55
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the outermost layer of skin in vertebrates.

A

epidermis

56
Q

What is the primary function of the digestive system in vertebrates?

A

To break down food and absorb nutrients.

57
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following vertebrates is known for having a high metabolic rate? A) Snakes B) Turtles C) Birds D) Fish

A

C) Birds

58
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in vertebrates?

A

To filter waste from the blood and regulate water balance.

59
Q

True or False: Vertebrates are exclusively terrestrial organisms.

A

False

60
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a key feature of the mammalian circulatory system.

A

Four-chambered heart

61
Q

What is the main function of the endocrine system in vertebrates?

A

To regulate bodily functions through hormones.

62
Q

Multiple choice: Which vertebrate group is characterized by the presence of scales and lays eggs? A) Birds B) Mammals C) Reptiles D) Amphibians

A

C) Reptiles

63
Q

What is the primary role of the muscular system in vertebrates?

A

To facilitate movement and maintain posture.

64
Q

True or False: The human skeleton is composed of more than 200 bones.

A

True

65
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a type of connective tissue that supports and connects different parts of the body.

A

cartilage

66
Q

What is the evolutionary significance of the mammary glands in mammals?

A

They provide nourishment to young, enhancing survival.

67
Q

Multiple choice: Which vertebrate group is primarily adapted for flight? A) Fish B) Reptiles C) Birds D) Amphibians

A

C) Birds

68
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system in vertebrates?

A

To support immune function and fluid balance.

69
Q

True or False: All vertebrates possess a developed brain.

A

True

70
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions.

A

cerebrum

71
Q

What is the primary function of the reproductive system in vertebrates?

A

To produce offspring.

72
Q

Multiple choice: Which organ is responsible for detoxification in vertebrates? A) Heart B) Liver C) Lungs D) Kidneys

A

B) Liver

73
Q

What is the significance of the vertebrate limb structure?

A

It illustrates adaptation to various environments and modes of life.

74
Q

True or False: Vertebrates are the only group of animals with a backbone.

A

True

75
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the evolutionary concept that explains how species change over time.

A

Natural selection

Bio14: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (2 decks)

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