Introduction Flashcards
the study of HOST - PARASITE relationship
Parasitology
the study of PARASITES which infect HUMANS
Parasitology
an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organisms lives
Host
A ____ is an organism that lives in another organism, called the ____, and often harms it uses the host to gain strength, and the _____ loses some strength as a result
Parasite
Host
Host
“feeding, fattening” or “one who eats at the table of another”
Parasitism
Association of Living Organism
Symbiosis
3 Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
any organism that lives in or on the body of another organism in order to survive
Parasite
any organism that harbors a parasite
Host
an association between organisms of two different species in which each is benefited
Mutualism
“work together” each benefiting from the relationship
Mutualism
an association between individuals of two species in which one species obtains food or benefited from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter
Commensalism
a form of symbiosis in which one organism benefits at the expense of other organism (parasite) usually on different species (host)
Parasitism
may lead to the injury of the host
Parasitism
5 Host Classification
Definitive host
Intermediate host
Reservoir host
Accidental host
Paratenic host
adult form of the parasite, sexually mature form
Definitive host
asexual or larval form
Intermediate host
organism in which the parasite is harbored until transmitted to the main or primary host
Reservoir host
alternate host or passive carrier of a pathogenic organism
Reservoir host
infection with parasite not normally found on the host
Accidental host
animal acting as substitute intermediate host of a parasite, usually having acquired the parasite by ingestion of the original host
Paratenic
4 Parasite Classification
Based on habitat
Based on area/location
Based on relationship between host - parasite
Based on transmission
Based on habitat
Ectoparasite - attach into the skin like lice
Endoparasite - within/inside the body
can live and multiply in the moist
ex: protozoans
Capnophilic
live in RBC
Hematozoic
live inside the cell/tissues
ex: isospora hominis
Cytozoic
live in body cavities
ex: mansonella perstans
Coelozoic
lives inside the lumen of intestines
Enterozoic
forever parasite; lives in single host
Permanent parasite
larval stage is different from adult stage
Periodic
fix in an unsual habitat
Erratic
needs host; cannot survive without its own host
ex: ascaris
Obligate
with/without host they an live; free living
ex: thread worm
Facultative
visit host during feeding time only
ex: mosquito
Intermittent
infects individual with underlying diseases
Opportunistic
under came a transient stay in the host (napadaan lang)
Spurious
establishes itself on the host in which it does not normally lives
Accidental/Incidental
based on the effect of parasite on the host
Pathogenic - cause infection
Non Pathogenic (commensals)
requires a period of development in the soil
Soil transmitted
Types of vector
Mechanical vector - cockroach/flies
Biological vector - pagkinagat ka (mosquito)
sources of infection
air
animal
one’s self
inanimate objects
Portals of entry
mouth
skin
intranasal
transmammary
transplacental
sexual
portals of exit
stool
urine
sputum
blood
determines the specimen to be collected for diagnosis
Portals of exit
Tissue aspirates
liver
duodenal
lymph nodes
CSF
hydrocoele
Tissue biopsy
muscle
rectal
lymph nodes
skin
orifice swab
vagina
peri anal swab
4 Parasitic Damage to Host
Trauma
Tissue response
Blood loss
Secondary infection
damage to tissues, intestine, liver, eyes, etc
Trauma
localized inflammation, eosinophilia
Tissue response
anemia (heavy hookworm infection)
Blood loss
weakened host susceptible to bacterial infection
Secondary infection
occurrence and prevalence of disease
epidemology
study the manner of spread of contagious disease
Epidemiology
sudden inc. of infection
epidemic
certain infection is present in low nos. but constantly present in the area
endemic
disease which spreads to several countries and affects a large number of people
pandemic
6 stages in life cycle
ovum
egg
embryo
larva
trophozoite
cyst
