Introduction

Question 1

The is a branch of chemistry that
involves the study of carbon compounds. It covers
the structure, composition, and synthesis of
carbon-containing compounds.

Answer 1

Organic Chemistry

Question 2

This is the arrangement of atoms and/or bonds
. It plays a vital role in assessing molecular geometry, physical properties and chemical properties of the molecules

Answer 2

STRUCTURE of carbon containing compounds

Question 3

This is defined as the arrangement, ratio, and type of atoms in molecules of chemical substances

Answer 3

COMPOSITION of carbon containing compounds

Question 4

This is process where at least one substance is changed into a new material. This is done by altering the chemistry of the starting substance by rearranging
the molecules in a different way

Answer 4

SYNTHESIS of carbon containing compounds

Question 5

Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians
used organic materials for

Answer 5

Embalming and Mummification

Question 6

Organic dyes and pigments such as
___ , _____ , and _____ were in use.

Answer 6

indigo, woad, and alizarin

Question 7

In 1000 BC of Ancient Times ____ and _____ were practiced

Answer 7

Alcoholic
fermentation and food processing

Question 8

__________
were also practiced in the early civilization of Ancient Times of 1000 BC

Answer 8

Extraction of oils

Question 9

_______ which was used as a pain killer.

Answer 9

Willow bark

Question 10

It is now known that willow bark contains acetylsalicylic acid, the
ingredient in _________ - chewing on the bark extracted the aspirin.)

Answer 10

aspirin

Question 11

He classified chemical compounds into
two main groups: Organic and Inorganic

Answer 11

Jon Jacob Berzelius

Question 12

Compounds originated in living or once-living
matter

Answer 12

Organic

Question 13

Compounds that came
from “mineral” or non-living matter.

Answer 13

Inorganic

Question 14

The the idea
that organic compounds
could only originate from
living organisms through the
action of some vital force

Answer 14

Vitalism

Question 15

He believed in vitalism

Answer 15

Jon Jacob Berzelius

Question 16

He made the discovery that would result in the abandonment of
vitalism as a scientific theory

Answer 16

Friedrich Wöhler

Question 17

Friedrich Wöhler discovered that _________ - an organic
compound - could be made by
heating ammonium cyanate (an
inorganic compound)

Answer 17

urea

Question 18

He accidentally discovers the synthetic
dyes, mauveine, while trying to
synthesize quinine. This marks the beginning of the synthetic dye industry.

Answer 18

William Henry Perkin

Question 19

He introduces the concept of chemical
structure, emphasizing that the properties of a compound are determined by its structure.

Answer 19

Aleksander Butlerov

Question 20

proposes the ring structure of
benzene, a fundamental concept in
aromatic chemistry

Answer 20

Friedrich August Kekule

Question 21

begins his work on the structure of
sugars and purines, leading to
Fischer projection, a method to
represent 3D structures in 2D

Answer 21

Herman Emil Fischer

Question 22

discovers the Grignard reaction,
a key method for forming
carbon-carbon bonds

Answer 22

Victor Grignard

Question 23

developed the field of natural
product synthesis, focusing on
complex molecules found in
nature

Answer 23

Robert Robinson

Question 24

discover the double helix
structure of DNA, a major
milestone in biochemistry and
organic chemistry

Answer 24

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 25

synthesizes vitamin B12,
showcasing the power of organic
synthesis

Answer 25

Robert Burns Woodward

Question 26

The development of new
techniques like nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) and mass
spectrometry revolutionizes the
analysis of organic compounds.

Answer 26

1980’s

Question 27

is a powerful tool for
forming carbon-carbon bonds.

Answer 27

Metathesis

Question 28

were awarded the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry for their work on chirally
catalyzed hydrogenation reactions.

Answer 28

Barry Sharpless, William S. Knowles,
and Ryōji Noyori

Question 29

received the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their
development of the metathesis method
in organic synthesis.

Answer 29

Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R.
Schrock, and Yves Chauvin

Question 30

occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a particular molecule.

Answer 30

Resonance

Question 31

the actual structure, which cannot be drawn, is thought of as a composite of two or more Lewis structures and is called a

Answer 31

Resonance Hybrid

Question 32

The two or more Lewis structures that can be drawn for the same molecule are called

Answer 32

Resonance Structures