Introduction Flashcards
The is a branch of chemistry that
involves the study of carbon compounds. It covers
the structure, composition, and synthesis of
carbon-containing compounds.
Organic Chemistry
This is the arrangement of atoms and/or bonds
. It plays a vital role in assessing molecular geometry, physical properties and chemical properties of the molecules
STRUCTURE of carbon containing compounds
This is defined as the arrangement, ratio, and type of atoms in molecules of chemical substances
COMPOSITION of carbon containing compounds
This is process where at least one substance is changed into a new material. This is done by altering the chemistry of the starting substance by rearranging
the molecules in a different way
SYNTHESIS of carbon containing compounds
Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians
used organic materials for
Embalming and Mummification
Organic dyes and pigments such as
___ , _____ , and _____ were in use.
indigo, woad, and alizarin
In 1000 BC of Ancient Times ____ and _____ were practiced
Alcoholic
fermentation and food processing
__________
were also practiced in the early civilization of Ancient Times of 1000 BC
Extraction of oils
_______ which was used as a pain killer.
Willow bark
It is now known that willow bark contains acetylsalicylic acid, the
ingredient in _________ - chewing on the bark extracted the aspirin.)
aspirin
He classified chemical compounds into
two main groups: Organic and Inorganic
Jon Jacob Berzelius
Compounds originated in living or once-living
matter
Organic
Compounds that came
from “mineral” or non-living matter.
Inorganic
The the idea
that organic compounds
could only originate from
living organisms through the
action of some vital force
Vitalism
He believed in vitalism
Jon Jacob Berzelius
He made the discovery that would result in the abandonment of
vitalism as a scientific theory
Friedrich Wöhler
Friedrich Wöhler discovered that _________ - an organic
compound - could be made by
heating ammonium cyanate (an
inorganic compound)
urea
He accidentally discovers the synthetic
dyes, mauveine, while trying to
synthesize quinine. This marks the beginning of the synthetic dye industry.
William Henry Perkin
He introduces the concept of chemical
structure, emphasizing that the properties of a compound are determined by its structure.
Aleksander Butlerov
proposes the ring structure of
benzene, a fundamental concept in
aromatic chemistry
Friedrich August Kekule
begins his work on the structure of
sugars and purines, leading to
Fischer projection, a method to
represent 3D structures in 2D
Herman Emil Fischer
discovers the Grignard reaction,
a key method for forming
carbon-carbon bonds
Victor Grignard
developed the field of natural
product synthesis, focusing on
complex molecules found in
nature
Robert Robinson
discover the double helix
structure of DNA, a major
milestone in biochemistry and
organic chemistry
James Watson and Francis Crick
synthesizes vitamin B12,
showcasing the power of organic
synthesis
Robert Burns Woodward
The development of new
techniques like nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) and mass
spectrometry revolutionizes the
analysis of organic compounds.
1980’s
is a powerful tool for
forming carbon-carbon bonds.
Metathesis
were awarded the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry for their work on chirally
catalyzed hydrogenation reactions.
Barry Sharpless, William S. Knowles,
and Ryōji Noyori
received the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their
development of the metathesis method
in organic synthesis.
Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R.
Schrock, and Yves Chauvin
occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a particular molecule.
Resonance
the actual structure, which cannot be drawn, is thought of as a composite of two or more Lewis structures and is called a
Resonance Hybrid
The two or more Lewis structures that can be drawn for the same molecule are called
Resonance Structures
