Introduction

Question 1

What is Surgery?

Answer 1

is that branch of medicine, in which diseases are treated wholly or in part by manual or operative procedures

Question 2

Attributes of a good surgeon

Answer 2

✓ Eye of an eagle
✓ Heart of a Lion
✓ Hands of a woman

Question 3

surgery is categorized both as an art and as a science. It is not an exact science because judgement and skills are involved

Question 4

Good decisions and judgments are the keys to a successful surgery

Question 5

“know when not to cut, then when and where to cut, and when to stop cutting

Question 6

there is a system of rules by which the art of surgery is practiced. Such rules applies to;

Answer 6

✓ Asepsis
✓ Anesthesia
✓ Tissue manipulation
✓ Suturing

Question 7

otherwise known as complete asepsis

Answer 7

integral asepsis

Question 8

it refers to exclusion of all microorganisms, this degree of asepsis is impossible.

Answer 8

Integral asepsis

Question 9

it implies that all practical steps are taken to achieve complete asepsis

Answer 9

relative asepsis

Question 10

microorganism can gain access to surgical wound without resulting an infection

Answer 10

relative asepsis

Question 11

involves the relative exclusion of microorganisms and careful handling of tissues to preserve an inherent defenses

Answer 11

Surgical asepsis

Question 12

how to protect tissue defenses?

Answer 12

1. limit exposure
2. minimize imposition of foreign materials
3. preservation of circulation

Question 13

sources of contamination

Answer 13

✓ surgical instruments
✓ environment
✓ personnel
✓ animal patient

Question 14

2 types of sterilization

Answer 14

✓ cold sterilization
✓ heat sterilization

Question 15

the use of chemical solutions

Answer 15

cold sterilization

Question 16

dry heat (oven), autoclave (steam under pressure), moist heat (boiling)

Answer 16

heat sterilization

Question 17

other factors that influence wound infection

Answer 17

✓ duration of surgery
✓ surgical technique
✓ impaired host resistance
✓ contamination of the wound

Question 18

the most widely used and efficient method of sterilization

Answer 18

autoclave

Question 19

items which may be sterilized

Answer 19

✓ surgical instruments
✓ drapes
✓ gowns
✓ swabs
✓ most rubber articles
✓ glasswares
✓ some plastic goods

Question 20

items which may be damaged in the autoclave

Answer 20

1. fibre-optic equipment
2. lenses and plastics
3. disposable items like catheters

Question 21

The surgical team

Answer 21

✓ Surgeon
✓ Asst. Surgeon
✓ Anesthetist
✓ Circulating Assistant

Question 22

Duties/ responsibilities of the surgeon;

Answer 22

✓ the team captain
✓ take responsible in the pre-op, intra-op, and post-op
✓ take responsible in the surgical judgement

Question 23

Duties of Asst. Surgeon

Answer 23

✓ prepare the instrument trolley
✓ assist in draping the patient
✓ pass instruments, swabs, etc. to the surgeon
✓ assist with surgery; retract tissue, cut sutures
✓ be responsible for all equipments, swabs, sutures, needles etc

Question 24

Duties of the Anesthetist

Answer 24

✓ responsible in the objective assessment of the surgical patient
✓ administer the appropriate pre-anesthetic and anesthetic drugs.
✓ responsible in monitoring the vital signs, maintenance and level of surgical sleep

Question 25

Duties of Circulating assistant

Answer 25

✓ help prepare theatre, instruments, and equipment for surgery
✓ tie the surgical team into gowns
✓ help position the patient on the table
✓ preparation of the surgical site
✓ connect apparatus
✓ open packs of sutures
✓ count swabs, sutures etc with the asst. surgeon
✓ be in theatre at all time when surgery is in progress
✓ assist the Anesthetist
✓ prepare post-operative dressings
✓ help clear theatre at the end of surgery

Question 26

Preparation of the Surgical team

Answer 26

✓ scrubbing-up
✓ putting on a surgical gown
✓ putting on surgical gloves

Question 27

putting on a surgical gown

Answer 27

✓ back-tie
✓ side-tie

Question 28

Putting on surgical gloves

Answer 28

✓ closed gloving
✓ open gloving
✓ plunged method

Question 29

healthy and often young

Answer 29

elective and non-urgent

Question 30

not immediately life threatening but require prompt attention

Answer 30

necessary or urgent

Question 31

life threatening condition

Answer 31

emergency surgery

Question 32

Pre-operative preparation of the patient

Answer 32

1. starvation
2. clipping
3. bathing
4. administration of enema
5. preparation of the skin
6. preparation of the eyes and mucous
7. positioning the patient for surgery
8. draping the patient

Question 33

commonly performed surgeries in dogs and cats

Answer 33

✓ spay
✓ castration
✓ lump removal
✓ digit amputation
✓ exploratory laparotomy
✓ orthopaedics
✓ enucleation

Question 34

complications in surgery

Answer 34

✓ haemorrhage
✓ infection
✓ anaesthetic problems- death!
✓ pain
✓ self-inflicted trauma
✓ wound dehiscence