INTRODUCTION

Question 1

living together of phylogenetically different organsims (e.g. host and parasite)

Answer 1

symbiosis

Question 2

beneficial to both organisms (++)

Answer 2

mutualism

Question 3

beneficial to one organism, neutral to other

Answer 3

commensalism

Question 4

beneficial to one organism, harmful to other

Answer 4

parasitism

Question 5

composition of epidemiologic triangle

Answer 5

host, agent, environment

Question 6

harbors adult and sexual stage of parasite

Answer 6

definitive host

Question 7

definitive host of T. gondii

Answer 7

cat (sexual stage occurs in the cat’s intestine)

Question 8

definitive host of Plasmodium spp.

Answer 8

mosquito

Question 9

harbors larval or asexual stage

Answer 9

intermediate host

Question 9

intermediate host of trematodes

Answer 9

snail (all trematodes have snail as intermediate host)

Question 10

accidental IH of Echinococcus spp.

Answer 10

man

Question 11

harbors parasite that does not develop but remains alive and is infective to the next host

Answer 11

paratenic host

Question 12

paratenic host of D. latum

Answer 12

large fish

Question 13

paratenic host of G. spinigerum

Answer 13

bird and snake

Question 14

allows the parasite’s life cycle to continue and serves as the source of human infection

Answer 14

reservoir host

Question 15

reservoir host of Balantidium coli

Answer 15

pig

Question 16

depends entirely to the host for existence

Answer 16

obligate parasites

Question 17

capable of parasitic and free living existence

Answer 17

facultative parasites

Question 18

examples of facultative parasites

Answer 18

S. stercoralis & Free Living Amoebas (Naegleria and Acanthamoeba spp.)

Question 19

Larval stage is passed in a host while the adult is free living

Answer 19

Transitory parasite

Question 20

Example of transitory parasite

Answer 20

Strongyloides stercoralis in indirect cycle

Question 21

Completes its life cycle in one host

Answer 21

Permanent parasite

Question 22

Parasite with one host

Answer 22

Monoxenous/Homoxenous

Question 23

Example of permanent parasite

Answer 23

Hymenolepis nana in direct cycle

Question 24

Requires 2 or more host for the larval and adult stage

Answer 24

Periodic parasite

Question 25

2 or more hosts

Answer 25

Heteroxenous

Question 26

Example of periodic parasites

Answer 26

Trematodes and cestodes; agents of larva migrans

Question 27

Primarily infects animals but may be acquired by man and cause infection

Answer 27

Zoonotic parasites

Question 28

Example of Zoonotic parasites and the infection they cause

Answer 28

• Balantidium coli - Balantidium dysentery
• Dirofilaria immitis - granulomatosus in man

Question 29

Parasite that occurs in unusual host

Answer 29

Accidental parasite

Question 30

Example of accidental parasite

Answer 30

Echinococcus spp. in man
Agents of larva migrans

Question 31

Echinococcus spp. DH and IH

Answer 31

DH - dog
IH - cattle and sheep

Question 32

Occurs in unusual organ or habitat

Answer 32

Erratic parasite

Question 33

Example of erratic parasite

Answer 33

Ascaris lumbricoides (Ectopic Ascariasis)

Question 34

Passes through the intestinal tract without causing any trouble

Answer 34

Spurious or Coprozoic parasite

Question 35

Example of spurious parasites

Answer 35

• Fasciola hepatica
• Capillaria hepatica unembryonated eggs (IS: embryonated eggs)

Question 36

MOT of Fasciola hepatica

Answer 36

Ingestion of raw or uncooked liver of infected animals

Question 37

Lives inside the body of a host

Answer 37

Endoparasite (most parasites)

Question 38

Invasion of endoparasite

Answer 38

Infection

Question 39

Invasion of endoparasite

Answer 39

Infection