Introduction Flashcards
What does animals accumulate due to a) Metabolic activities
b)Excess ingestion ?
Ammonia (NH3),Urea,Uric acid (mainly)
CO2,H20,Na+,K+,Cl-
Phosphates,Sulphates,etc.
What is excretion?
Elimination of all substances, especially common Nitrogenous waste ( Ammonia,Urea and Uric acid)
is called Excretion.
What are the functions of Excretory organs?
1) Excretion of Nitrogenous waste
2) Osmoregulation
Toxicity of Ammonia, Urea and Uric acid?
Ammonia – most toxic
Urea – moderate toxic
Uric acid – least toxic
Requirement of water for removal of ammonia, urea and Uric acid?
Ammonia - large amount of water required
Urea - moderate
Uric acid - least
Which organisms have terrestrial adaptation for water conservation?
1) Ureotelic organisms
2) Uricotelic organisms
Uric acid is excreted in which form?
Paste or pellet
What is the mode of removal of Ammonia?
DIFFUSION
Ammonia readily soluble , removed by diffusion through body surface or gill surface as ammonium ions
Role of kidney in excretion of Ammonia?
No role of kidney
Ammonia released by Ureotelic organisms is converted into ?
Urea in LIVER
Converted urea is released into blood through which vein?
Hepatic vein of liver
Maximum urea is present in which vein?
Hepatic vein
Minimum urea is present in which vein?
Renal Vein
Why small amount of urea is retained in kidney matrix?
To maintain desired OSMOLARITY
Examples of ammonotelic organisms?
Amma/ BAA
1) Bony fishes ( many)
2) Aquatic Amphibians ( Salamanders, Tadpoles)
3) Aquatic insects
