Introduction Flashcards
reasoning
Drawing proper conclusions from other information.
What does proper reasoning do?
Open the mind so that it can close upon truth.
formal logic
The science and art of reasoning well.
What is logic in relation to God?
It is not created by God or man, but is an attribute of God; it isn’t over God or independent of Him.
What is the Law of Excluded Middle?
Any statement is either true or false.
What is the Law of Identity?
If a statement is true, then it is true.
What is the Law of Noncontradiction?
A statement cannot be both true and false.
What must logic always do?
Give way to mystery.
What are the two main branches of logic?
Formal and informal.
What does formal logic deal with?
The proper modes of reasoning.
What does informal logic deal with?
Operations of thinking that are indirectly related to reasoning, such as defining terms, relating terms to each other, and determining relationships between statements.
What are the two main branches of formal logic?
Induction and deduction.
induction
Reasoning with probability from examples or experience to general rules.
deduction
Reasoning with certainty from premises to conclusions.
What are the two main branches of deductive reasoning?
Categorical logic and propositional logic.
Who was most likely the developer of categorical logic as a science?
Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC)
What does categorical logic deal with?
Syllogism.
syllogism
A type of deductive argument in which the conclusion connects one category (or term) with another.
What does propositional logic do?
Connect entire propositions together in arguments.
What branches of logic is this book focused on?
Informal and categorical.
Why did God create humans with the ability to reason?
So we could communicate with Him and each other.
